Šintava
Sereď Trnava county Slovakia
manor, mansion
Šintava
Sereď Trnavský kraj Slovakia
kaštieľ
The manor house was built on the site of a water castle, located on the outskirts of Sered, near the river Vah, towards the city part of Šintava
kaštieľ postavený na mieste vodného hradu, nachádzajúci sa na okraji mesta Sereď, pri rieke Váh, smerom k mestskej časti Šintava.
Previous names
Sempte, Sumptey, Sempta, Schinta, Simeti, Sempthe, Schintau, Sintawa, Szintawa
Roads
Trasa 1: Šintava manor is located directly in the town of Sereď and not in the neighboring village of Šintava as it might seem according to its name. The change of the Váh riverbed in the 14th century caused the original Šintava castle to get from the left bank to the right and therefore it can now be found in Sereď and not in Šintava. The manor is located in the castle park on the left side of the Šintavská road, a short distance in front of the bridge over the river Váh.We can park at the supermarket right next to Šintavská cesta. Then all you have to do is cross the road to Námestie Slobody and immediately to the right is the gate to the castle park.
Trasa 1: Kaštieľ Šintava sa nachádza priamo v meste Sereď a nie v susednej obci Šintava ako by sa podľa jeho názvu zdalo. Zmena koryta rieky Váh asi v 14. storočí spôsobila, že sa pôvodne Šintavský hrad dostal z ľavého brehu na pravý a preto ho možno teraz nájsť v Seredi a nie v Šintave. Kaštieľ sa nachádza v zámockom parku na ľavej strane Šintavskej cesty, kúsok pred mostom nad riekou Váh.Zaparkovať môžeme pri supermarkete hneď popri Šintavskej ceste. Potom stačí len prejsť cez cestu na Námestie Slobody a hneď vpravo je brána do zámockého parku.
Trasa 2: Entrance from Parková street. Parking directly in front of the gate to the park, but there is only a small space for cars along the way.
Trasa 2: Vstup z Parkovej ulice. Parkovanie priamo pred bránou do parku, no je tu len malý priestor pre autá pozdľž cesty.
Trasa 3: Entrance from the side from Váh river, from Ku campingu street, where it is possible to park the car in a smaller parking lot next to the road near the entrance gate to the park. We will not get directly in front of the gate by car, as there is a ban on entry.
Trasa 3: Vstup zo strany od Váhu, z ulice Ku campingu, kde je možné auto odstaviť na menšom parkovisku popri ceste neďaleko vstupnej brány do parku. Priamo pred bránu sa autom nedostaneme, keďže je tam zákaz vjazdu.
Description
The park area originally designed on the principles of a nature-landscape park is enclosed by a brick fence. The shape of the park is an irregular pentagon, the manor house is located centrally. The extinct Šintava water castle was found during archaeological research in 1983-1995. Classicist mansion contains older remains of architectures. It has a renaissance bastion inside. Another interesting feature is the wooden construction of the roof, where there are large wooden beams. They are a memorial to the rafting on the Váh River, the old important transhipment station in Sered and the Slovak rafts and carpenters who left their names on the huge beams.The building is in a neglected state, but the civic association Water Castle launched in 2008 a project of restoration of the mansion and bastion - one of the defensive buildings of the former castle Šintava. Inside the bastion there are casemates of the Šintava fortress with two pairs of cannon loopholes - a massive vaulted space with three pillars. It was built of bricks in the middle of the 16th century (around 1550).After approval of the plan by the town and the monument office, work on the renovation of the oldest part of the mansion began in 2009. In 2010 they were interrupted and continued only in 2011–2013, when the interior and courtyard facade of the bastion with a new gate was restored.
Parková plocha pôvodne riešená na princípoch prírodno-krajinárskeho parku je ohradená murovaným oplotením. Tvar parku je nepravidelný päťhran, kaštieľ je umiestnený centrálne. Zaniknutý Šintavský vodný hrad bol nájdený až pri archeologickom výskume v rokoch 1983 až 1995. Klasicistický kaštieľ obsahuje staršie zvyšky architektúr. V jeho útrobách sa skrýva renesančný bastión. Zaujímavosťou je aj drevená konštrukcia krovu, kde sa nachádzajú drevené trámy veľkých rozmerov. Sú pamiatkou na pltníctvo na Váhu, na staré významné prekladisko v Seredi a na slovenských pltníkov a tesárov, ktorí na obrovských trámoch zanechali svoje mená v podpisoch.Objekt je v zanedbanom stave, no občianske združenie Vodný Hrad rozbehlo v roku 2008 projekt obnovy kaštieľa a to bastióna – jedného z obranných objektov bývalého hradu Šintava. Vo vnútri bastiónu sa nachádzajú kazematy šintavskej pevnosti s dvomi pármi delových strieľní – mohutný zaklenutý priestor s tromi piliermi. Postavený bol z tehál v polovici 16. storočia (okolo roku 1550).Po odsúhlasení zámeru mestom a pamiatkovým úradom sa práce na obnove najstaršej časti kaštieľa začali realizovať v roku 2009. V roku 2010 boli prerušené a pokračovali až v roku 2011–2013, kedy bol obnovený interiér a dvorová fasáda bastiónu s novou bránou.
Plan
Legend to the ground plan
- 1 - masonry from the 12th century
- 2 - 13th century
- 3 - 14-15th century
- 4 - renaissance
- 5 - newer
Legenda k pôdorysu
- 1 - murivo z 12.storočia
- 2 - 13.storočie
- 3 - 14-15.storočie
- 4 - renesančné
- 5 - novšie
History
At the beginning of the 10th century, Šintava was one of the targets of Old Hungarian invaders. This means that Šintava Castle, resp. the fortified settlement already existed before the arrival of the Hungarians. The mention of this has been preserved in the chronicle of the Anonymous, where in connection with the battles of the old Hungarians near Nitra it is written about the occupation of strategically important points, such as the Šintava ford. It owes its importance to its location allowing the crossing of the Váh River. This is evidenced by the settlement from the Iron Age, as well as the Great Moravian fortified settlement, protecting the passage through Váh, the basis of the later medieval water castle.
Before 1261, Šintava ceased to be the seat of the castle committee, but the castle still had an important position. In 1261, King Belo IV. it was donated to private hands and in 1326 King Charles I Robert of Anjou acquired it from Abraham Rufus, in exchange for Cheklis. From then on, the castle was a royal property administered by several castellans until 1410. One of them was the famous knight Felicián Zach, who tried to assassinate the royal family in 1330 for unknown reasons, but he did not succeed and was immediately executed. During the reign of King Louis the Great, the castle belonged to the rank of mayor of Bratislava. In 1387, when Sigismund of Luxembourg ascended the Hungarian throne, Šintava Castle became his favorite seat. He also set up his main tent here. This is evidenced by several documents written at this castle. He needed money for his military expeditions, so in 1410 Sigismund gave the castle in reserve to Mosticov of Poznań. Mostic also backed, with the consent of the king, Šintava to Count Juraj of Pezinok. During this period, Šintava Castle was the main base and assembly of royal troops against the Hussites, operating in Slovakia. The fighting from the castle was directed directly by King Sigismund. The Hussites won after a long fierce battle, but despite the victory they retreated to Moravia, because their commander, Velek Koudelník, fell in battle. The decisive part of the fight went down in history as the Battle of Šintava (April 28, 1430).
There were frequent changes of owners at the Šintava castle and on the whole estate. In 1430, King Sigismund continued to reserve the entire estate to Štefan and Juraj Rozgonyov, counties of Bratislava, Nitra and Komárno counties. In 1490, Ladislav Rozgony welcomed King Ladislav II of Hungary to the castle. The Rozgony family held the manor for the longest time, until 1523.
In the modern era, Šintava belonged to the two most important Hungarian aristocratic families: Thurzovský and Eszterházy. In 1523, the young Hungarian king Louis II donated. Jágelovsky, an extensive Šintava and Čeklisk estate, to Alexei Thurz, a tavern, a faithful royal treasurer, the Countess of Kremnica and the hereditary Count of Spiš.
During the reign of Louis II. Jagelovsky, Europe was constantly threatened by Turkish troops. The defeat of Christian troops led by Louis II. near Mohács in 1526, the road to Hungary was opened by the Turks. In September 1530, they reached the Šintava Castle, which they did not conquer, but looted and burned many villages in its vicinity. After the death of Alexei Thurz in 1543, his wife Magdalena and daughters Anna and Elizabeth inherited the property with the wish that Anna would marry Andrej Báthory Jr., which happened in 1543. And so, shortly after his death, his son-in-law, the robe, the royal judge and the chief captain of the royal troops, Andrej Báthory, became the owner of the castle and manor, who rebuilt the castle into a comfortable manor house. In 1563, after widowing, he had to leave the castle because it was acquired through the courts by Thurz's younger daughter Elizabeth and her husband Ungnad. The widowed Elizabeth married Count Julius of Salm and Neuburg for the third time. Thus, at the end of the 50s of the 16th century, Šintava Castle fell into the hands of Count Július Salm. The Salmovci contributed to the reconstruction of the castle into a military fortress, the so-called military presidium.
After the death of his wife Alžbeta Salmová in 1590, disputes arose over the inheritance with the Thurz family. Anna, the daughter of Julius of Salm, stayed at Šintav Castle. In 1596 she died without descendants. Stanislav Thurzo won disputes over the property of Anna Salmová Lichtenstein. At the turn of the years 1595-1596 he took over the ownership of the Šintava estate. The young Stanislav, barely 20 years old, was most responsible for rebuilding the castle into a modern and well-fortified fortress, which the Turks attacked several times in 1598-1601, but never conquered. In the spring of 1604, a estate uprising led by Štefan Bocskay broke out. A year later, due to its location, Šintava also became the scene of this uprising. Stanislav Thurzo, in order to prevent bloodshed, surrendered and opened the gates of the castle to his army, despite the fact that the castle was heavily fortified.
Later, in 1618, another uprising of the Hungarian nobility led by Gabriel Bethlen broke out. He managed to seize Šintava relatively easily in 1619. The Bethlen family remained at the castle until peace was made in Mikulov. After the conclusion of the peace, Stanislav Thurzo joined the emperor, converted to the Catholic faith, for which the monarch appointed him a Hungarian palatine as a sign of trust. After leaving Šintava Castle by Bethlen's troops, the Thurz family returned to the castle. Stanislav Thurzo was married to Anna Rosina Listhius.
Anna was given the adjective Šintava witch. She allegedly had a passion for torture, so her husband Stanislav Thurzo interned her for several years because of her cruelty. At the time when she returned from the underground dungeon, where she was imprisoned together with Alžbeta Báthory in Čachtice, he forgave her everything and was free again for a time. Stanislav Thurzo died in May 1625 by a mysterious death, which was to be taken care of by his wife. That year, the countess married Juraj Pogrányi, who died in 1629. At that time, Anna was an unrestricted landowner of Šintava, Sereda, Hlohovec, Pustých Sadov and the adjacent estates. She allegedly tortured and killed not only women but also men. She did not tolerate resistance, and the subjects trembled from fear of her and her servants. She was careful - she secretly buried the victims or gave orders to the scumbags to announce that the victims had died of typhus. He was finally convicted and sentenced to death by beheading. However, the execution did not take place, because on March 27, 1638, he received a pardon from King Ferdinand III. Her son Adam inherited Šintava, among other property. Adam died in 1635 and a year later his brother Michal. Both without offspring. In essence, the Thurz family died out of them, and the royal chamber took over Šintava again. Anna Rosina lived her life in isolation at Šintava Castle under the tutelage of Mikuláš Eszterházy. She died in oblivion in 1643.
Several families then, especially the palatine Mikuláš Eszterházy, sharpened their claims to the Thurz heritage. Šintava Castle and the manor finally passed into the hands of Mikuláš Eszterházy, a native of Galanta. The castle was handed over to him in April 1639, but the de jure property was given the privilege of King Ferdinand III. only in 1642. In 1639, Mikuláš Esterházy started to repair Šintava Castle. He placed great emphasis on the quick repair of the castle palace and chapel, as he soon left his Transdanubian residence Fraknó (Forchtenstein) and moved to Šintava with his family and court. After its repair, the castle became a dignified seat of the palatine and his family.
In 1645 Mikuláš Eszterházy died. Paul, the 10-year-old Paul, the future high royal dignitary and prince, became the heir of Šintava. The castle was managed by Ladislav Eszterházy, Mikuláš's brother and the boys' tutor. However, the robberies of the Turks kept recurring. In 1652, food supplies were looted on the estate, but there were also great loss of life. In the battle of the Great Vozokans, seven members of the Eszterházy family lost their lives, including Ladislav. After this family catastrophe, the legacy was taken over by Pavol, who gradually rebuilt the castle from a military fortress into a luxurious Baroque Zamepán residence. In 1663, the Turks conquered Nové Zámky, Levice, Nitra, Hlohovec and reached the bank of the Váh near Šintava hrad, where about 500 soldiers under the command of the Bavarian captain Mikuláš bravely defended the castle until the harsh winter, when the Turks gave up further attempts to conquer it. and they never conquered Shintava. At that time, there was an imperial garrison at the castle, which remained there until the beginning of the 18th century. After the coming of age of the youngest son of St. Nicholas, František, in 1660, the property was divided. According to her, František acquired the Šintava estate and other property.
Šintavy Castle witnessed many more military events, such as the estate uprising led by Imrich Thököly (1683) and the estate uprising of František Rákóczi (1703). After the defeated battle of Trnava in 1704, Rákóczi and the insurgents led by Mikuláš Bercsényi moved to the castle, making it his main tent and holding Šintava in his hands for another 3 years. In 1707 Rákóczi's army destroyed the upper part of the tower and the rest of the castle burned down. After the defeat of the uprising in 1711, Šintava became the property of Jozef Eszterházy, who rebuilt its seat and the castle remained the property of the Eszterházy family until the middle of the 19th century.
In 1748, Jozef Eszterházy died and the property was taken over by his brother František, a Hungarian chancellor who rebuilt the castle into a Baroque manor house and established a Baroque garden. Even before his death in 1758, he distributed the property to his three sons. The Šintava estate and Čeklís were given to their son František (1715-1785), who was a Hungarian chancellor from 1766 and a Croatian ban from 1783. After his death in 1815, 2 years later, the Šintava estate was divided, from which three separate units were formed. The Sereď estate was acquired by Karol Eszterházy, who gradually indebted his estate with his indifference and incompetent management interventions. The property was acquired by the creditors, and eventually Princess Angelica Alssase d'Hennin became the owner of the estate. The last owners were Henrich and Klára Ohrensteinovci.
In 1823, the last part of the tower collapsed. At present, there is only a dilapidated manor house in Sered. Váh changed its bed separating Sereď from Šintava, which brought the castle to the right side of the river. Thus, it is not the work of political change, but of natural change. In the places of the castle was made in 1984-1992 archaeological research.
Začiatkom 10. storočia Šintava predstavovala jeden z cieľov staromaďarských útočníkov. Znamená to, že Šintavský hrad, resp. hradisko existovalo už pred príchodom Maďarov. Zmienka o tom sa zachovala v kronike Anonymusa, kde sa v súvislosti s bojmi starých Maďarov pri Nitre píše o obsadzovaní strategicky dôležitých bodov, akým bol aj šintavský brod. Za svoj význam vďačí svojej polohe umožňujúcej prechod cez rieku Váh. Svedčí o tom sídlisko z doby železnej, ako aj veľkomoravské hradisko, chrániace prechod cez Váh, základ neskoršieho stredovekého vodného hradu.
Pred rokom 1261 prestala byť Šintava sídlom hradného komitátu, ale hrad mal aj naďalej dôležité postavenie. V r.1261 ho kráľ Belo IV. daroval do súkromných rúk a v r.1326 ho kráľ Karol I. Róbert z Anjou získal od Abraháma Rúfusa, výmenou za Čeklís. Odvtedy bol hrad až do roku 1410 kráľovským majetkom spravovaným viacerými kastelánmi. Jedným z nich bol aj slávny rytier Felicián Zach, ktorý sa pokúsil v roku 1330 z neznámych dôvodov vyvraždiť kráľovskú rodinu, no nevyšlo mu to a vzápätí bol popravený. V čase vlády kráľa Ľudovíta Veľkého hrad patril k hodnosti bratislavského župana. V roku 1387, keď nastúpil na uhorský trón Žigmund Luxemburský, sa stal Šintavský hrad jeho obľúbeným sídlom. Tu zriadil aj svoj hlavný stan. Svedčia o tom viaceré listiny písané na tomto hrade. Na svoje vojenské výpravy potreboval peniaze, a tak v roku 1410 dal Žigmund hrad do zálohy Mosticovi z Poznane. Aj Mostic zálohoval, so súhlasom kráľa, Šintavu grófovi Jurajovi z Pezinka. Šintavský hrad bol v tomto období hlavnou základňou a zhromaždiskom kráľovských vojsk proti husitom, operujúcim na Slovensku. Boje z hradu riadil priamo kráľ Žigmund. Husiti po dlhej zúrivej bitke zvíťazili, no napriek víťazstvu sa stiahli na Moravu, pretože v boji padol ich veliteľ Velek Koudelník. Rozhodujúca časť boja vošla do dejín ako Šintavská bitka (28. apríla 1430).
Na hrade Šintava a na celom panstve dochádzalo k častým zmenám majiteľov. V roku 1430 dál kráľ Žigmund celé panstvo do zálohy Štefanovi a Jurajovi Rozgonyovcom, županom Bratislavskej, Nitrianskej a Komárňanskej župy. V roku 1490 Ladislav Rozgony privítal na hrade uhorského kráľa Ladislava II. Rodina Rozgonyovcov panstvo držala najdlhšie, až do roku 1523.
V období novoveku patrila Šintava dvom najvýznamnejším uhorským šľachtickým rodom: Thurzovskému a Eszterházyovskému. V roku 1523 daroval mladý uhorský kráľ Ľudovít II. Jágelovský rozsiahle Šintavské a Čekliské panstvo Alexejovi Thurzovi, taverníkovi, vernému kráľovskému pokladníkovi, kremnickému komornému grófovi a dedičnému spišskému grófovi.
V čase vlády Ľudovíta II. Jagelovského bola Európa sústavne ohrozovaná tureckými vojskami. Porážkou kresťanských vojsk vedených Ľudovítom II. pri Moháči v roku 1526 sa Turkom otvorila cesta do Uhorska. V septembri 1530 sa dostali až k Šintavskému hradu, ktorý však nedobyli, ale v jeho okolí vyrabovali a vypálili mnohé dediny. Po smrti Alexeja Thurzu v roku 1543 zdedili majetky jeho manželka Magdaléna a dcéry Anna a Alžbeta so želaním, aby si Anna vzala za manžela Andreja Báthoryho ml., čo sa v roku 1543 stalo. A tak sa krátko po jeho smrti stal majiteľom hradu a panstva jeho zať, župan, kráľovský sudca a hlavný kapitán kráľovských vojsk Andrej Báthory, ktorý prebudoval hrad na pohodlné panské sídlo. V r.1563, potom čo ovdovel, musel hrad opustiť, pretože ho súdnou cestou získala mladšia Thurzova dcéra Alžbeta s manželom Ungnadom. Ovdovelá Alžbeta sa po tretí raz vydala za grófa Júliusa zo Salmu a Neuburgu. Tak sa aj Šintavský hrad koncom 50-tich rokov 16.storočia dostal do rúk grófa Júliusa Salmu. Salmovci sa zaslúžili o prebudovanie hradu na vojenskú pevnosť, tzv. vojenské prezídium.
Po smrti manželky Alžbety Salmovej v r.1590 vznikli spory o dedičstvo s Thurzovcami. Anna, dcéra Júliusa zo Salmu, zostala na Šintavskom hrade. V roku 1596 zomrela bez potomkov. Spory o majetky Anny Salmovej Lichtensteinovej vyhral Stanislav Thurzo. Na prelome rokov 1595-1596 sa ujal vlastníctva šintavského panstva. Mladý, sotva 20-ročný Stanislav, sa najviac zaslúžil o prebudovanie hradu na modernú a dobre opevnenú pevnosť, ktorú Turci v rokoch 1598-1601 niekoľkokrát napadli, no nikdy nedobyli. Na jar v r.1604 vypuklo stavovské povstanie vedené Štefanom Bocskayom. O rok neskôr sa aj Šintava v dôsledku svojej polohy stala dejiskom tohto povstania. Stanislav Thurzo, aby predišiel krviprelievaniu, sa vzdal a otvoril brány hradu jeho vojsku i napriek tomu, že hrad bol mocne opevnený.
Neskôr, v r.1618 prepuklo ďalšie stavovské povstanie uhorskej šľachty vedené Gabrielom Bethlenom. Pomerne ľahko sa mu podarilo zmocniť Šintavy v r.1619. Bethlenovci na hrade zotrvali až do uzavretia mieru v Mikulove. Po uzavretí mieru sa Stanislav Thurzo pripojil na stranu cisára, prestúpil na katolícku vieru, za čo ho panovník na znak dôvery vymenoval za uhorského palatína. Po opustení Šintavského hradu Bethlenovými vojskami sa Thurzovci vrátili naspäť na hrad. Stanislav Thurzo bol ženatý s Annou Rosina Listhius.
Anna dostala prívlastok „šintavská bosorka“. Mala vraj záľubu v mučení a preto ju jej manžel Stanislav Thurzo niekoľko rokov internoval pre jej krutosť. V časoch keď sa vrátila z podzemného žalára, kde ju väznili spolu s Alžbetou Báthory v Čachticiach, jej všetko odpustil a znova bola na čas slobodná. Stanislav Thurzo zomrel v máji 1625 záhadnou smrťou, o ktorú sa mala postarať jeho manželka. Toho roku sa grófka vydala za Juraja Pogrányiho, ktorý zomrel v roku 1629. V tom čase bola Anna neobmedzenou zemepánkou Šintavy, Serede, Hlohovca, Pustých Sadov a priľahlých panstiev. Údajne nemučila a nezabíjala len ženy ale i mužov. Nestrpela odpor a poddaný sa triasli od strachu pred ňou i pred jej posluhovačmi. Bola opatrná - obete dávala tajne pochovať alebo dávala príkaz drábom aby rozhlásili, že obete zomreli na týfus. Nakoniec ju usvedčili a odsúdili ju na smrť sťatím. Poprava sa však neuskutočnila, pretože 27.3.1638 dostala milosť od panovníka Ferdinanda III. Jej syn Adam zdedil okrem iných majetkov aj Šintavu. V roku 1635 Adam zomrel a o rok neskôr aj jeho brat Michal. Obaja bez potomkov. Nimi v podstate vymrel Thurzovský rod a Šintavu zaberá opäť kráľovská komora. Anna Rosina dožila svoj život v izolácii na Šintavskom hrade pod kuratelou Mikuláša Eszterházyho. Zomrela v zabudnutí v roku 1643.
Viaceré rodiny potom, hlavne palatín Mikuláš Eszterházy, predostreli svoje nároky na Thurzovské dedičstvo. Šintavský hrad i panstvo tak nakoniec prešli do rúk Mikuláša Eszterházyho, rodáka z Galanty. Hrad mu bol odovzdaný v apríli 1639, avšak majetkový celok de jure dostal privilégiom kráľa Ferdinanda III. až v roku 1642. V roku 1639 sa Mikuláš Esterházy pustil do opravy Šintavského hradu. Veľký dôraz kládol na rýchlu opravu hradného paláca a kaplnky, lebo čoskoro opustil svoje zadunajské sídlo Fraknó (Forchtenstein) a s rodinou i dvorom sa presťahoval do Šintavy. Priestory hradu sa po jeho oprave stali dôstojným sídlom palatína a jeho rodiny.
V roku 1645 Mikuláš Eszterházy zomrel. Dedičom Šintavy sa stal vtedy 10-ročný Pavol, budúci vysoký kráľovský hodnostár a knieža. Hrad spravoval Ladislav Eszterházy, Mikulášov brat a chlapcov tútor. Lúpežné vpády Turkov sa však stále opakovali. V roku 1652 na panstve vydrancovali zásoby potravín, ale došlo aj k veľkým stratám na životoch. V bitke pri Veľkých Vozokanoch prišli o život siedmi členovia Eszterházyovského rodu, medzi nimi aj Ladislav. Po tejto rodinnej katastrofe sa dedičstva ujal Pavol, ktorý hrad postupne prebudoval z vojenskej pevnosti na luxusnú barokovú zamepánsku rezidenciu. V roku 1663 Turci dobyli Nové Zámky, Levice, Nitru, Hlohovec a dostali sa až po breh Váhu pri Šintavskom hrade, kde asi 500 vojakov pod vedením bavorského kapitána Mikuláša statočne bránili hrad až do krutej zimy, kedy sa Turci ďalších pokusov o jeho dobytie vzdali a Šintavu nikdy nedobyli. V tom čase bola na hrade cisárska posádka, ktorá tam zotrvala až do začiatku 18. storočia. Po dovŕšení plnoletosti najmladšieho Mikulášovho syna Františka v roku 1660 došlo k deľbe majetku. Podľa nej získal František šintavské panstvo aj ďalšie majetky.
Šintavký hrad bol svedkom ešte mnohých vojenských udalostí, ako bolo stavovské povstanie vedené Imrichom Thökölym (1683) a stavovské povstanie Františka Rákócziho (1703). Po prehratej bitke pri Trnave v roku 1704 sa na hrad stiahol Rákóczi s povstalcami pod vedením Mikuláša Bercsényiho, ktorý si z neho spravil hlavný stan a držal Šintavu vo svojich rukách ešte 3 roky. V roku 1707 Rákócziho vojsko zničilo vrchnú časť veže a zvyšok hradu vyhorel. Po porážke povstania sa Šintava v roku 1711 stáva majetkom Jozefa Eszterházyho, ktorý svoje sídlo opäť prestaval a hrad zostal majetkom Eszterházyovcov až do polovice 19. storočia.
V roku 1748 Jozef Eszterházy zomrel a správu majetkov prevzal brat František, uhorský kancelár, ktorý hrad prestaval na barokový kaštieľ a založil barokovú záhradu. Ešte pred smrťou v roku 1758 majetok rozdelil svojim trom synom. Šintavské panstvo a Čeklís dostal syn František (1715-1785), ktorý bol od roku 1766 uhorským kancelárom a od roku 1783 chorvátskym bánom. Po jeho smrti v r.1815 došlo o 2 roky neskôr k rozdeleniu šintavského panstva, z ktorého sa vytvorili tri samostatné celky. Sereďské panstvo získal Karol Eszterházy, ktorý svojou ľahostajnosťou a nekompetentnými zásahmi do hospodárenia svoje panstvo postupne zadĺžil. Majetok získali veritelia a nakoniec sa majiteľkou veľkostatku stala Angelica kňažná Alssase d'Hennin. Poslednými majiteľmi boli Henrich a Klára Ohrensteinovci.
V roku 1823 sa zrútila posledná časť veže. V súčasnosti stojí už len chátrajúci kaštieľ v Seredi. Váh zmenil svoje koryto oddeľujúce Sereď od Šintavy, čím sa hrad dostal na pravú stranu rieky. Teda nie je dielom politických zmien, ale prírodných zmien. V miestach hradu bol vykonaný v r. 1984-1992 archeologický výskum.
Myths and legends
Gravedigger's daughter
There is perhaps no citizen in Šintava or Sereď who would not hear about the secret corridors of the Šintava water castle, now the Sereď manor house. These corridors led to three sides. According to oral tradition, these legends were dealt with by the legend of A. Janeg of Sered. The reputation is as follows. It's been a long time, so about 1600 it was written. At a time when the castle was in good condition. At that time, Sereď did not yet have its own church. People went to check out their devotion either to Šintava or to Dolní Streda. The Sereď cemetery was on a small hill probably where the current Municipal Office is. Undertaker Matej wiped the sweat from his forehead with his wide palm. Sometimes he stood. he looked around, spat in his palm, and grabbed his shovel again. He dug a grave for the old castle servant. Death had mercy on him, well, Matthew, a gravedigger, had mercy on him. The gravedigger was sad, and there was no smile on his face for a long time. Sadness plagued him. He was left with only a daughter - 17-year-old Kvetomila. She was a well-built girl. She took care of her father's household and, if possible, helped her father in digging graves. People said he was haunted in the cemetery. Only Matthew and his daughter did not believe it. However, they did not go to the cemetery at night, because they had nothing to do there. Only once. It was a boar of June. The daughter was sitting on a stone bench by her mother's grave, making a bouquet of wildflowers. The smiling summer day was slowly gone, and she did not notice the advanced time in her thoughts. The announcer's voice interrupted her thoughts: she struck eleven o'clock! She got up quickly and heard a rumble in the chapel. The chapel door rattled and a dark figure stepped out. She caught the gravedigger's daughter. She just shouted. The father heard his daughter's call and saw a fleeing dark shadow in the moonlight and straight into the chapel. As the gravedigger ran into the chapel, he saw a stone on the crypt. A smudging torch was stabbed in front of the opening. He looked into the opening and saw that it was not a crypt, but a secret passage. He didn't delay and ran into the dark hole. Since that night, no one had heard of the gravedigger and his daughter. The lord of the castle used this incident to intimidate people. It is said that evil spirits and strigas took care of the end of the gravedigger and his daughter.
Šintava's witch
She allegedly met Alžbeta Báthoryová in the Čachtice underground dungeon. Unlike her, however, she did not bathe in the blood of virgins. It took her pleasure to torture and kill people regardless of gender or age. She was the wife of Stanislav III. Thurzu. Stanislav was an educated and outspoken man, he studied at the poor universities of Padua, Venice and Rome, he spoke five languages, later he became a palatine of Hungary. When he was 18, his father died, so he interrupted his studies and began managing family assets. The Thurz family owned Tematín Castle, the former Šintava Water Castle, Bojnice Castle and other estates.
Stanislav tried to find a suitable wife. On the advice of his uncle, the Hungarian palatine Juraj Thurz, he was introduced to Anna Rosina Listhiusová, who comes from an important Lower Austrian aristocratic family. Stanislav wanted to marry her right away. But his older brother Juraj, the Hungarian viceroy, did not like the fifteen-year-old countess at all and wrote to his wife Elizabeth Cobor: “She is not Dido (Queen of Carthage), but if Stanislav loves her so much that he cannot live without her, Do you have to do that? ”As if he sensed that much darker circumstances would arise.
The wedding took place in 1598 and the newlyweds settled in Šintavský hrad near Sered. They gradually fathered three sons and a daughter. Her husband observed Anna's passion for torture, so he had her imprisoned for several years. She was allegedly imprisoned in Tematín, in the Prešpor Prison, but also in Čachtice, where she met Alžbeta Báthory in a dungeon. She allegedly warned her of the tragic consequences in times of repentance.
However, over time, Thurzo forgave her everything, and so she was released. She was a woman who did not shy away from entertainment and company, and over time, rumors began to spread about her that she also had lovers. One of them was supposed to be Štefan Pálfi from Červený Kamen. As soon as her husband found out, the ground collapsed after her lover. Mysteriously, however, Stanislav himself died in 1625. Although he is said to have died during his treatment in the Piešťany spa, he was allegedly poisoned by his wife, who knew herbal medicine.
That same year, Anna Rosina, again from some unknown trouble, married again. Her husband became the nobleman Štefan Pogrányi, but he soon died under mysterious circumstances. Read more...
The reason may also be that he excluded her from his will a year after the wedding: My above-mentioned married wife left me when I was seriously ill, took my medicine and cursed me and my whole family, which I heard with my own ears. She shouted disgusting swear at me, took my food, drink, and kitchen utensils, took my pillows under my head, and my duvets and sails, so I had to sleep in the hay. She broke into my travel boxes, which I witnessed, took my money and letters. Since I was seriously ill, there was nothing I could do about it. She did not keep her promise and was very cruel to me in my serious illness, and even spat on my chin. I will not allow her to inherit anything, even if she keeps my name for the rest of her life.
Anna Rosina was really a very special woman. She suffered from epilepsy, had visions, and probably suffered from a split in personality. Sometimes she manifested herself as a sensitive soul, loving her children, on the other hand, in bouts of sadistic passion, she committed crimes in the ministry and subjects. Unlike Báthoryčka, she did not bathe in the blood of virgins. It took her pleasure to torture and kill people regardless of gender or age. It is said that she even wasted the child of her maid, and only because she moaned in the cradle when she was nearby. Apparently that's why he must have died.
Anne Rosine has long managed to conceal her crimes because she reported that the victims had died of typhus. It was not until Magdalena Szolosi, a landowner, who was also cruelly abused and who eventually died of her injuries, escaped that the public and the nobility learned the truth.
Palatine Nicholas Esterházy ordered an extensive investigation on June 29, 1637, 80 witnesses testified against the lord of the castle. Historian Tünde Lengyel states in the book Bosorky, strigy, čarodějnice that 35-year-old Pavol Takács was one of the witnesses. He was said to have seen a naked maid through the crack in the door, with the help of two bachelors. The lady hit her in the head so hard that she broke her skull, from which her brain flowed. Among other things, she allegedly called local witches, with whom she closed her room at midnight and enchanted. Puppies' heads were to be boiled in a pot.
And although she committed fewer victims than Báthoryčka, she was proven more violent and murdered. She was sentenced to forfeiture and the death penalty by beheading. Finally, Emperor Ferdinand III. pardoned - her relatives had a great influence on the royal court. Anna Rosina then lived her life in seclusion at Šintavský Castle, where she died in oblivion in 1643.
Hrobárova dcéra
Niet snáď v Šintave alebo v Seredi občana, ktorý by nepočul o tajných chodbách šintavského vodného hradu, teraz sereďského kaštieľa. Chodby tieto smerovali na tri strany. O týchto tajných chodbách, podľa ústneho podania spracoval povesť A. Janega zo Seredi. Povesť je nasledovná. Dávno je tomu, tak asi rok 1600 sa písal. V čase, keď hrad bol v dobrom stave. Vtedy ešte Sereď nemala vlastného kostola. Ľudia chodili svoju pobožnosť odbaviť si buď do Šintavy alebo do Dolnej Stredy. Sereďský cintorín bol na malom vŕšku asi tam, kde je terajší Mestský úrad. Hrobár Matej si širokou dlaňou utieral pot z čela. Občas postál. poobzeral sa dookola, napľul si do dlane a znovu sa chytil lopaty. Kopal hrob pre starého hradného sluhu. Zmilovala sa nad ním smrť, nuž, zmiloval sa nad ním i hrobár Matej. Smutný bol hrobár a na jeho tvári sa už dlhší čas neukázal úsmev. Smútok ho moril. Ostala mu len dcéra - 17 ročná Kvetomila. Bolo to dievča pekne urastené. Ona sa starala otcovi o domácnosť a podľa možnosti pomáhal otcovi pri kopaní hrobov. Ľudia hovorili, že na cintoríne straší. Len Matej a jeho dcéra neverili tomu. Avšak v noci na cintorín nechodili, veď tam ani nemali čo robiť. Len raz. Bolo to kancom júna. Dcéra sedela na kamennej lavičke pri hrobe svojej matky a strojila sa tu položiť kyticu poľných kvetov. Usmiaty letný deň sa pomaly stratil a ona vo svojom zamyslení nezbadala pokročilý čas. Z myšlienok ju vyrušil hlas hlásnika: uderila jedenásta hodiná! Rýchle povstala a v tom začula šramot v kaplnke. Dvere kaplnky zarachotili a z nej vykročila tmavá postava. Uchytila hrobárovu dcéru. Ešte stačila vykríknuť. Otec začul volanie svojej dcéry a v mesačnom svetle uvidel prchajúci tmavý tieň a priamo do kaplnky. Keď hrobár vbehol do kaplnky, videl na krypte odsunutý kameň. Pred otvorom bola odbodená ešte čmudiaca fakľa. Nazrel do otvoru a videl, že sa nejedná o kryptu, ale o tajnú chodbu. Nemeškal a vbehol do tmavého otvoru. Od tej noci nikto o hrobárovi a jeho dcére viac nepočul. Pán hradu využil túto príhodu na zastrašovanie ľudí. Vraj zlí duchovia a strigy sa postarali o koniec hrobára a jeho dcéry.
Šintavská bosorka
V čachtickom podzemnom žalári sa vraj stretla s Alžbetou Báthoryovou. Na rozdiel od nej sa však nekúpala v krvi panien. Robilo jej potešenie mučiť a zabíjať ľudí bez ohľadu na pohlavie a vek. Bola manželkou Stanislava III. Thurzu. Stanislav bol vzdelaný a rozhľadený muž, študoval na chýrnych univerzitách v Padove, Benátkach a Ríme, ovládal päť jazykov, neskôr sa stal palatínom Uhorska. Keď mal 18 rokov, zomrel mu otec, a tak prerušil štúdiá a začal sa venovať správe rodinných majetkov. Rodu Thurzovcov patril hrad Tematín, niekdajší vodný hrad Šintava, Bojnický zámok a ďalšie panstvá.
Stanislav sa snažil nájsť vhodnú manželku. Na radu svojho strýka, uhorského palatína Juraja Thurzu, mu predstavili Annu Rosinu Listhiusovú, pochádzajúcu z významnej dolnorakúskej šľachtickej rodiny. Stanislav si ju chcel hneď zobrať za manželku. Ale jeho staršiemu bratovi Jurajovi, uhorskému miestokráľovi, sa pätnásťročná grófka vôbec nepozdávala a svojej manželke Alžbete Coborovej o tom napísal: „Nie je to žiadna Dido (kráľovná Kartága), ale ak ju Stanislav miluje natoľko, že bez nej nemôže žiť, čo môžem proti tomu robiť?“ Akoby tušil, že nastanú oveľa temnejšie okolnosti.
Svadba sa konala v roku 1598 a mladomanželia sa usídlili na Šintavskom hrade pri Seredi. Postupne splodili troch synov a dcéru. Jej manžel spozoroval Anninu záľubu v mučení, a preto ju dal na niekoľko rokov zavrieť. Údajne ju väznili na Tematíne, v Prešporskej väznici, ale aj v Čachticiach, kde sa v žalári stretla s Alžbetou Báthoryovou. Tá ju vraj v časoch pokánia varovala pred tragickými dôsledkami.
Thurzo jej však časom všetko odpustil, a tak sa dostala na slobodu. Bola to žena, ktorá sa nevyhýbala zábave a spoločnosti a časom sa o nej začali šíriť chýry, že má i milencov. Jedným z nich mal byť aj Štefan Pálfi z Červeného Kameňa. Len čo sa to jej manžel dozvedel, po milencovi sa zľahla zem. Záhadne však v roku 1625 zomrel aj samotný Stanislav. Hoci sa uvádza, že skonal počas liečenia v piešťanských kúpeľoch, mala ho údajne otráviť jeho žena, ktorá sa vyznala v bylinkárstve.
Ešte v ten rok sa Anna Rosina znovu, z akéhosi neznámeho trucu, vydala. Jej manželom sa stal šľachtic Štefan Pogrányi, no zakrátko za záhadných okolností zomrel aj on. Čítaj ďalej...
Dôvodom môže byť aj to, že už rok po svadbe ju vylúčil zo svojho závetu: Moja vyššie uvedená družka v manželstve ma opustila, keď som bol ťažko chorý, vzala mi lieky a prekliala mňa aj celú moju rodinu, čo som počul na vlastné uši. Vykrikovala hnusné nadávky, ktoré sa ma týkali, zobrala mi jedlo, pitie i kuchynské náčinie, vzala mi vankúše spod hlavy a periny i plachty, takže som musel spať v sene. Vlámala sa do mojich cestovných truhlíc, čoho som bol svedkom, zobrala moje peniaze a listy. Keďže som bol vážne chorý, nemohol som proti tomu nič robiť. Nedodržala svoj sľub a bola ku mne veľmi krutá v mojej ťažkej chorobe, a dokonca mi napľula na bradu. Nedovolím, aby čokoľvek zdedila, ani vtedy, ak si do konca svojho života ponechá moje meno.
Anna Rosina bola naozaj veľmi zvláštna žena. Trpela epilepsiou, mala vidiny a asi trpela rozdvojením osobnosti. Niekedy sa prejavovala ako citlivá duša, milujúca svoje deti, na druhej strane sa v záchvatoch sadistickej vášne dopúšťala zločinov na služobníctve a poddaných. Na rozdiel od Báthoryčky sa nekúpala v krvi panien. Robilo jej potešenie mučiť a zabíjať ľudí bez ohľadu na pohlavie a vek. Vraj dokonca zmárnila dieťa svojej služobnej, a to len preto, že nariekalo v kolíske, keď bola na blízku. Zrejme preto muselo zomrieť.
Anne Rosine sa dlho darilo tajiť svoje zločiny, pretože dala rozhlásiť, že obete zomierali na týfus. Až keď sa podarilo ujsť zemianke Magdaléne Szolosiovej, ktorú tiež kruto týrala a ktorá napokon na zranenia aj zomrela, sa verejnosť i vrchnosť dozvedela pravdu.
Palatín Mikuláš Esterházy nariadil 29. 6. 1637 rozsiahle vyšetrovanie, proti panej hradu svedčilo 80 svedkov. Historička Tünde Lengyelová v knihe Bosorky, strigy, čarodejnice uvádza, že jedným zo svedkov bol aj 35-ročný Pavol Takács. Cez škáru vo dverách vraj videl, ako za pomoci dvoch mládencov bila obnaženú slúžku. Do hlavy ju pani udrela tak silno, že jej rozbila lebku, z ktorej vytiekol mozog. Okrem iného si vraj k sebe volávala aj miestne bosorky, s ktorými sa o polnoci zatvárala do izby a kadejako čarovali. V hrnci mali variť hlavy šteniat.
A hoci sa v porovnaní s Báthoryčkou dopustila menšieho počtu obetí, dokázali jej viaceré násilnosti a vraždy. Odsúdili ju na stratu majetku a trest smrti sťatím. Napokon ju cisár Ferdinand III. omilostil – jej príbuzní mali totiž na panovníckom dvore veľký vplyv. Anna Rosina potom dožila svoj život v ústraní na Šintavskom hrade, kde zomrela v zabudnutí v roku 1643.
Useful information
The mansion with the surrounding park is open to the public
Kaštieľ s okolitým parkom je verejnosti prístupný
Nearby castles