Tibava
Podhoroď Košice county Slovakia
castle ruin
Tibava
Podhoroď Košický kraj Slovakia
zrúcanina hradu
Remains of a castle on a limestone rocky hill above the northern end of the village Podhorod, about 15 km northeast of Sobrance
Zvyšky hrádku na vápencovom bralnatom vrchu nad severným koncom obce Podhoroď, asi 15 km severovýchodne od Sobraniec.
Previous names
Tybauara, castrum Tyba, Tiba, Podhoroď
Roads
Wall remains of Tibava castle are located above the village Podhoroď. To the village Podhorod you get from the main road E50 (Kosice - Uzhorod) to Sobrance - in the village Tibava turn to road no. 566, which leads through Choňkovce, Podhoroď to Ubla. As soon as we leave the village Podhoroď, on the right we find an information board about the castle and here on the grass we can park. From here, we take the steep path upwards.
Zvyšky múrov hradu Tibava sa nachádzajú nad obcou Podhoroď. Do obce Podhoroď sa dostaneme z hlavnej cesty E50 (Košice - Užhorod) za Sobrancami - v obci Tibava odbočíme na cestu č. 566, ktorá vedie cez Choňkovce, Podhoroď až na Ubľu. Hneď ako opustíme obec Podhoroď, vpravo už nájdeme informačnú tabuľu o hrade a tu na trávnatej ploche môžeme aj zaparkovať. Odtiaľto sa vyberieme popri tabuli strmo hore.
Description
The castle had an oval disposition and it contained a cylindrical tower, from which the signs of the arch and stone staircase as well as the remains of the mantle have been preserved. A palace was added to the stone wall. The courtyard is bordered by a wall, the balance of which reaches even 2.5m. The gateway to the courtyard was probably in a leaping extension at the northern corner of the palace.The first systematic archaeological research in the castle began in 2018. During the research, ceramic fragments from the 13th to the 14th century were discovered in the castle grounds.
Hrádok mal oválnu dispozíciu a jeho súčasťou bola valcovitá veža, z ktorej sa zachovali náznaky klenby a kamenného schodiska a tiež aj zvyšky plášťa. Ku kamennej hradbe bol pristavaný palác. Nádvorie ohraničuje múr, ktorého zostatky dosahujú v základe i 2,5m. Brána do nádvoria sa pravdepodobne nachádzala v skokovitom rozšírení pri severnom nároží paláca.Prvý systematický archeologický výskum na hrade začal v r.2018. Počas prieskumu boli v areáli hradu objavené keramické fragmenty z 13. – 14. storočia.
Plan
Legend to the ground plan
- 1 - cylindrical tower
- 2 - palace
- 3 - courtyard
- 4 - castle gate
Legenda k pôdorysu
- 1 - valcovitá veža
- 2 - palác
- 3 - nádvorie
- 4 - hradná brána
History
The castle was probably built at the turn of the 13th-14th centuries and its founders may have been nobles from the Tibava estate. There are only two reliable mentions of it, one from 1337 and the other from 1345. Therefore, it is likely that it already existed in the 20s or 30s of the 14th century.
They apparently used it as a fortress to guard the local road and also as a temporary residential refuge. The castle often changed its owners. It was owned by the Vumay family, the Zobráncz family, the Bánffy family, the Pongrácz family, the Lacskay family and the county family of the Sztáray family.
According to some sources, the castle was destroyed during the conflicts of Omodej of the Abov family, or Petény's son Petr. However, Omodej's resistance ended with the defeat at Rozhanovce in 1312 and Petény's resistance was suppressed by King Karol Róbert only in 1321, so the castle was probably destroyed during the second military intervention. In a document from 1337 it is already mentioned as abandoned (castrum desertum Tybauara vacatum) and in 1715 it was completely destroyed.
The original owners did not restore the castle and had a new castle built near the settlement of Choňkovce. There is a document of 24 August 1418, issued by King Sigismund of Luxembourg, which mentions the Tyba castrum as active again. It is assumed that it was already the mentioned newly built castle in the area of today's village Choňkovce. This is also the last mention of the seat of the Tibava family branch. Archaeological research to date also shows that the castle above Podhoroď is older than the one in the Choňkovce district.
Hrádok vznikol pravdepodobne na prelome 13.-14.storočia a jeho zakladateľmi mohli byť šľachtici z tibavského panstva. Jestvujú o ňom len dve spoľahlivé zmienky, jedna z r.1337 a druhá z r.1345. Preto je pravdepodobné, že existoval už v 20. alebo 30. rokoch 14.storočia.
Využívali ho podľa všetkého ako pevnosť na stráženie miestnej cesty a aj ako prechodné obytné útočište. Hrad často menil svojich majiteľov. Vlastnili ho Vumayovci, Zobráncziovci, Bánffyovci, Pongráczovci, Lacskayovci a grófska rodina Sztárayovcov.
Podľa niektorých zdrojov bol hrad zničený pri konfliktoch Omodeja z rodu Abovcov, prípadne Petényovho syna Petra. Omodejov odboj však skončil porážkou pri Rozhanovciach v r.1312 a Petényov odpor potlačil kráľ Karol Róbert až v r.1321, preto bol hrad pravdepodobne zničený v rámci druhého vojenského zásahu. V listine z r.1337 sa už spomína ako opustený (castrum desertum Tybauara vacatum) a v roku 1715 bol úplne zničený.
Pôvodní majitelia už hrad neobnovili a dali postaviť nový hrad neďaleko pri osade Choňkovce. Existuje totiž listina z 24. augusta 1418, vydaná panovníkom Žigmundom Luxemburským, ktorá spomína castrum Tyba ako opäť aktívny. Predpokladá sa, že to sa už jednalo o spomínaný novopostavený hrad v chotári dnešnej obce Choňkovce. To je zároveň aj posledná zmienka o sídle vetvy Tibavských. Z doterajších archeologických výskumov tiež vyplýva, že hrádok nad Podhoroďou je starší ako ten v chotári Choňkoviec.
Myths and legends
The rumor says
The modest ruins of Tibava Castle, which once stood above Podhoroďa, witnessed tragic love in ancient times. Imrich Michalovský, the aging lord of the castle, brought a young and beautiful wife. As is the rule in such situations, he was jealous of her and did not trust her, so when she told him that he was carrying his child under his heart, he did not believe her. He suspected she had a sweetheart and decided to wall her. In addition, he caught her trying to escape and he was already convinced of her guilt. The woman begged him to let her into the church on Good Friday. Despite her prayers, Imrich completed the work of jealousy. He killed his young wife, who loved him. She died in his arms, and the last words she heard were: Here you go, beast!
Povráva sa
Skromné ruiny hradu Tibava, ktorý kedysi stál nad Podhoroďou, boli v starých časoch svedkami tragickej lásky. Imrich Michalovský, starnúci pán hradu, si priviedol mladú a krásnu manželku. Ako to býva v takýchto situáciách pravidlom, žiarlil na ňu a nedôveroval jej a tak keď mu oznámila, že nosí pod srdcom jeho dieťa, neuveril jej. Podozrieval ju, že má milého a rozhodol sa, že ju zamuruje. Navyše ju prichytil pri pokuse o útek a to už bol presvedčený o jej vine. Žena ho síce uprosila, aby ju ešte pustil do kostola na Veľký Piatok. Napriek jej modlitbám dokonal Imrich dielo žiarlivosti. Svoju mladú ženu, ktorá ho ľúbila, zabil. Zomrela v jeho náručí a posledné slová, ktoré počula, boli: Tu máš, beštia!
Useful information
The ruins are freely accessible
Zrúcanina je voľne prístupná