Nogalte Castle, locally known as Castillo de Nogalte, lies on a hill in the town of Puerto Lumbreras in the province of Murcia in Spain.
Nogalte Castle was probably built during the late 12th or early 13th century during Muslim rule. Then the castle consisted of only the upper enclosure. Then this area was part of the Taifa of Murcia and during that time several castles were built to protect agricultural villages. Archeological evidence however shows that this site has had human occupation ever since the Bronze Age.
In the middle of the 13th century the area was conquered by the Castilians. This made its location suddenly a dangerour border area next to the Nasrid Emirate of Granada. The castle was ceded to a Castilian noble for his efforts. This donation however was more theoratical than real because the area had been seriously depopulated. In 1261 Christians strengthened the castle, the lower enclosure was built and the defenses aimed to Granada were built up.
In 1299, during the couple of years of Aragonese rule, Nogalte Castle was donated to the city of Lorca. At some point in later centuries the castle was torn down to prevent it from falling into enemy hands and to be able to use it military resources on other, more important, locations.
At present Nogalte Castle is freely accessible during daytime. The castle ruin has recently been restored but too much to my taste. It doesn't feel historical anymore. The site is however still interesting because of the many cave houses built into the hill on which the castle stands. These can be visited and some are used as small museum. There is also a visitor center on the site.
http://www.castles.nl

Nogalte Castle

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Castle of Lorca (Spanish: Castillo de Lorca) in Lorca, Murcia, Spain, is a fortress of medieval origin constructed between the 9th and 15th centuries. It consists of a series of defensive structures that, during the Middle Ages, made the town and the fortress an impregnable point in the southeast part of the Iberian Peninsula. Lorca Castle was a key strategic point of contention between Christians and Muslims during the Reconquista. It is listed as a Site of Cultural Interest.
It is 640 m long and 120 m wide, and one of the largest castles in Spain.
History
Archaeological excavations have revealed that the site of the castle has been inhabited since Neolithic times. There were archaeological excavations conducted between 1999 and 2011, in conjunction with other excavations conducted in the centre of the town of Lorca. The excavations revealed the existence of an Argaric town that extended from the castle to the actual site of the current town. The excavations revealed funerary sites, homes, and a wall.
It has not been determined exactly when a castle or fortress was first built on the hill. The first written documentation referring to a castle at Lorca is of Muslim origin, which in the 9th century, indicates that the city of Lurqa was an important town in the area ruled by Theudimer (Tudmir), who ruled seven cities in southeastern Spain, mentioned in the Treaty of Orihuela that was preserved by the Andalusian historian Ibn Adarí in the thirteenth century: Orihuela, Valentila (possibly an equivalent for Valencia), Alicante, Mula, Bigastro, Eyya (probably Ojós), and Lorca.
During Muslim rule, Lorca Castle was an impregnable fortress and its interior was divided into two sections by the Espaldón Wall. In the western part, there was an area used to protect livestock and grain in times of danger. The eastern part had a neighbourhood called the barrio de Alcalá.
Lorca was conquered by the Castilian Infante Don Alfonso, the future Alfonso X, in 1244, and the fortress became a key defensive point against the Kingdom of Granada. For 250 years, Lorca Castle was a watchpoint on the border between the Christian kingdom of Murcia and the Muslim state of Granada.
Due to this geographic position, the Castilian monarchs repopulated the town and maintained the defensive structures of Lorca.
Alfonso X ordered:
...por saber que he de poblar los alcaçares et la villa de Lorca de christianos que yo gane de moros... et porque ayan mas et mas do et otorgo a todos los christianos vezinos et moradores en los alcaçares et en la villa de Lorca [...] casas mayores hy pobladas con sus cuerpos [...] todas cosas pora siempre et jamas.
Alfonso X ordered the construction of the towers known as the Alfonsina and Espolón Towers, and strengthened and fixed the walls. Hardly a trace of the Muslim fortress remained due to this reconstruction. Muslim traces remain in the foundation stones and the wall known as the muro del Espaldón.
The neighbourhood of Alcalá, at the base of the castle, was repopulated after the Reconquista and during construction of the hotel, the Parador de Nacional de Turismo, the remains of the Jewish Quarter (Judería) of Lorca, of 14th-century origin, were found.
The Jewish Quarter was found within the alcazaba, the Moorish fortification, separated from the rest of the city by its walls. The physical separation had the purpose of protecting the Jewish people in the town from harm, but also had the result of keeping Christians and Jews separate, with the Christians inhabiting the lower part of town.
The remains of the Jewish Quarter extended over an area of 5,700 square m, and 12 homes and a synagogue have been found; the synagogue dates from the 14th century and is the only one found in the Murcia. The streets of the town had an irregular layout, adapted to the landscape, and is divided into four terraces. The synagogue was in the central location, and around it were the homes. The homes were of rectangular shape, with various compartmentalized rooms. The living quarters were elevated and a common feature was benches attached to the walls, kitchens, stand for earthenware jars, or cupboards.
The angular stone found in the archaeological excavation is associated with the synagogue. It is found, partially excavated, in the floor to gain height in the interior while on the outside not exceeding in height the rest of the building. In this manner, the building adhered to laws of the period.
Access to the synagogue is available via a patio in whose side there are two corridors, and the area for women is accessed via a separate corridor. The interior of the synagogue conserves the place where the Torah was kept, and examples of yeseria of Gothic style. The plinth where the bimah was located has also survived, and along the perimeter of the interior of the temple were benches where the male worshippers would sit. The women had a separate area, known as the matroneum; in Lorca's synagogue the matroneum was located above the vestibule.
With the disappearance of the frontier after the conquest of Granada in 1492, Lorca Castle no longer became as important as before. With the expulsion of the Jews by order of Ferdinand and Isabella, Lorca Castle was also depopulated as a result. The castle was abandoned completely, and was almost a complete ruin by the 18th century. In the 19th century, the castle was refurbished due to the War of Spanish Independence. The walls and structures were repaired or modified and its medieval look changed. A battery of cannons was installed, for example, during this time. On June 4, 1931, Lorca Castle was declared a National Historic Monument and on March 5 the historic centre of Lorca including the castle was declared a Conjunto Histórico-Artístico (Historic-Artistic Group).
The wall of the castle and the Espolón Tower were seriously damaged during the 2011 Lorca earthquake.
Lorca Taller del Tiempo
Lorca Taller del Tiempo (“Lorca Time Workshop”) is a company that uses the castle as a theme park for medieval re-enactments and includes a touristic train that travels throughout the city, departing from the Visitor Centre (formerly the Convent of La Merced).
Parador
Currently, a parador (a luxury hotel)has been built within the castle.As a result, archaeological discoveries have been found, including the Jewish Quarter.