The Renaissance-Baroque, originally fortified mansion, built on older foundations, is the dominant feature of the town of Dubnica nad Váhom
The mansion is a four-winged building with a Renaissance core. The original building had only three wings protected by corner towers, shooting ranges and a moat. A tower was later built next to the manor house in the northern part, and an atrium was created by adding a fourth wing. Part of the manor is a large park, which also changed its appearance. At the time of the greatest expansion, there was also a zoo with several animals and an artificial cave, the so-called Grotto, which in a reconstructed form is the only one in Slovakia, still exists today. At the beginning of the 19th century, the residential wing was extended and the manor house acquired its present appearance.The vault is still today, albeit with poor visibility, covered with a Baroque mural of an illusive ornamental character. In the corner above the fireplace is today hardly legible inscription, recalling the names of probably Benicky, builders in the 17th century. In the space there is a late Renaissance fireplace, on the sides with pilasters, conceived flat folk ornaments.At present, the town museum, gallery and the Municipal Information Center are located in the premises of the Dubnica mansion. The museum has a patriotic character with a focus on the manor, the Illésházy family and the history of the town and region.
- Source: Súpis pamiatok na Slovensku; zv. 1. A - J
- Obzor
- Bratislava 1967
The manor house was built by Gašpar Illésházy in 1637 on older foundations. The initial construction lasted five years and the building was built to be defensible, as evidenced by the key shooting ranges. The entrance to the manor house located in the west wing was fortified with a square tower, modified and baroqued in the years 1719-1723 with a central courtyard (atrium). It was protected by a moat and drawbridge, which disappeared in the late 18th century.
After the death of Gašpar Illésházy, the property was divided between his 2 sons. Gabriel received part of the property with the manor house and Juraj took over the Nemšov manor. However, after Gabriel's untimely death, Juraj Illésházy became the owner of the whole estate, focusing on the unfinished western wing and after the arrival of the Baroque wave he established a Baroque chapel of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, supplemented by Rococo inventory, with parts preserved to this day.
After the death of Juraj, his adopted son Mikuláš, the incoming robe, became the heir of the manor. Despite the fact that in the last years of his life, court duties often forced him to stay in Vienna, he also devoted a lot of energy to his family seat in Dubnice nad Váhom. The general reconstruction in the years 1719-1723 gave the originally Renaissance manor house its present-day Baroque appearance. It can be said that it was a reconstruction almost from scratch, because in the years 1704-1708 the manor house was practically destroyed by Kuruk troops. Mikuláš Illésházy died in 1723 in Vienna and is buried in the tomb of the local Franciscan Church. He appointed his only son, Jozef, as the heir to the county rank and family property. In the years 1723-1729, Jozef had the manor garden transformed into a French park with a pond, a maze and a lookout tower. The greatest pride and certainly the most famous part of the park was built in 1733 by a fashionable orangery with a sliding roof, in which exotic citrus were grown and which was preserved until the 20th century.
In the 19th century, the park began to be transformed according to the principle of the English garden, which, unlike the French regularity, was more reminiscent of nature. In 1835 Stephen II. Illésházy sold the family seat to the Viennese financier and merchant Baron Juraj Sin of Hódos. Juraj Sina's successor was his son Shimon Sina until 1876, and in the same year the youngest of Simon's four daughters, Count Ifigénia d Harcourt, became the new owner. Ifigenia also continued to build a spa in Trenčianske Teplice to a modern European level. In 1909, it decided to offer for sale all its properties in Slovakia, including the Dubnica manor house with accessories and a spa in Trenčianske Teplice. Her offer was accepted by a Hungarian banking and trading company in Budapest. After the fall of the monarchy and the creation of the Czechoslovak Republic, the property conditions on the Dubnica estate changed. After partial parcelling, the manor house with the surrounding forests became the property of the domestic forest industry, later renamed forestry. Ignác Schanzer was the shareholder of forestry and manor house until 1937.
In 1923, the owner of the manor rented the entire front of the manor to the state, which established an institute for the deaf and dumb there. Since 1942, the park and the manor house in Dubnice nad Váhom has been a cultural monument. The school was there until 1943. The manor later served as a dormitory for workers, and from 1945 a school club was established in the southern wing of the manor. At that time, the historical premises of the manor also housed a dry cleaner's, carpentry, confectionery and other institutions, which drastically contributed to the degradation of an important cultural monument. At present, the manor house is the property of the town of Dubnica nad Váhom and houses the Dubnica Museum, the town information center and the gallery. The front part of the manor house is renovated.
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