Červený Kláštor
monastery
463m
Červený Kláštor, Prešov county

Červený Kláštor is located at the confluence of the Dunajec river with the Lipník stream on the state border with Poland, north-east of the High Tatras in the region, which the locals call Zamagurie. Near Pieniny National Park

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Previous names
Lechnický kláštor
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How to get there
Červený Kláštor, Carthusian monastery, later Kamaldul's, is located just east of the village of Červený Kláštor, near Spišská Stará Ves, near the Polish border. The monastery is easily accessible if we cross the whole village of Červený Kláštor and immediately after it the monastery is located. If we continue a little further down the main road, we will find a parking lot on the right side of the road, where we can park the car and then walk back to the monastery.
Description

In the area of the monastery there are original stone gothic ribs with baroque polychrome, late gothic terracotta vault is in the refectory, where Gothic wall paintings have been preserved. There is a terracotta gothic cross vault in the underpass connecting the inner courtyard with the outer courtyard. In the rooms of the former monastery, the Renaissance vaults are cross or rolled with lunettes and in the reconstructed and restored monastic house the vaults have baroque stucco ornaments. The main altar from 1745 has been preserved in the church. The monastery area is a stable ground plan and urban type according to Carthusian patterns.The central building is a Gothic church with a long plan with a flat closure, with preserved architectural details. A monastery adjoins the church on the north side. From the original medieval building preserved part of the south, west wing and slightly younger east wing with refectory. In the courtyard stood ten hermits - separate ground houses with gardens. Opposite the church stood the house of the superior monastery with a tower. The inner courtyard was fortified by a stone wall, to which a mill was added, and a separate residential building housed travelers and treated the sick. North of the monastery was the farmyard, accessible by an underpass, with an arched Gothic vault. Some buildings have the original gothic terracotta red window lining. Another farm yard is situated northwest. The building houses the Červený Kláštor Museum.

Plan
Legend to the ground plan:A-Carthusian monastery 1330-1567: 1 - Church of St. Anthony the Hermit, 2 - Chapel of St. Mary, 3 - Chapel of St. Anne, 5 - Paradise Court, 6 - Hall of the Cross, 7 - Chapter Hall, 10 - inner courtyard, 13 - hospiceB-Kamaldul Monastery 1711-1782: 1 - Church of St. Anthony the Hermit, 2 - Chapter Hall, 3 - Sacristy, 4 - Tower with archive, 5 - Paradise Court, 6 - Cross Hall, 7 - Monastery dining room, 8 - Kitchen  Source: information board in the monastery
Legend to the ground plan
  • A-Carthusian monastery 1330-1567: 1 - Church of St. Anthony the Hermit
  • 2 - Chapel of St. Mary
  • 3 - Chapel of St. Anne
  • 5 - Paradise Court
  • 6 - Hall of the Cross
  • 7 - Chapter Hall
  • 10 - inner courtyard
  • 13 - hospiceB-Kamaldul Monastery 1711-1782: 1 - Church of St. Anthony the Hermit
  • 2 - Chapter Hall
  • 3 - Sacristy
  • 4 - Tower with archive
  • 5 - Paradise Court
  • 6 - Cross Hall
  • 7 - Monastery dining room
  • 8 - Kitchen Source: information board in the monastery
History

Červený Kláštor, officially the Lechnice Monastery, probably began to be built after 1320 in the cadastral territory of the village of Lechnica. It got its name from the red color of the roofs of monastery buildings. Its history is closely linked to the activities of members of the two orders - the Carthusians and the Camaldolians.

Červený Kláštor was founded in 1319 by Master Kakaš Berzevici, the heir and at that time the owner of almost all the property in northwestern Spiš. At first, Červený Kláštor was a Carthusian monastery from 1320 to 1563 (the founder of the order in 1084, St. Bruno). The first Carthusian monastery in Spiš was built in 1305 at the Kláštorisko near Letanovce in the Slovak Paradise. Later, when they donated the village of Lechnica in Pieniny to found a second monastery, in 1320 they started to build Červený Kláštor near this village. Both monasteries were built in remote places because the Carthusians belonged to the strictest orders with an ascetic way of life. They devoted themselves mainly to the depreciation of books and gradually obtained various privileges from Hungarian and Polish rulers (the right to fish on the Dunajec, the right to mill, brewing beer and jurisdiction).

In the first half of the 16th century, the Carthusian monasteries in Spiš began to decline. In 1543, the robber knight Matej Bašo plundered the monastery in the Kláštorisko in the Slovak Paradise. At first, the monks moved from the Kláštorisko to Červený Kláštor, but after it was plundered by soldiers from the nearby Dunajec (Nedeca) castle in 1545, the monks also left Červený Kláštor. By a decision of King Ferdinand I, the Carthusian monastery near the village of Lechnica was abolished in 1563. The building received secular owners, e.g. in 1609 the monastery was acquired by Štefan Thököly, in 1625 it became the property of Pavel Rákóczi, who had some of its interior built and fortified it with a wall. It was not until the beginning of the 18th century that the monastery fell into the hands of the church again. Its owner became the Bishop of Nitra Ladislav Mattyassovszky, who after his death in In 1705, in his will, he bequeathed a Benedictine order - a kamaldul, named after the mother monastery of Camaldoli near Arezzo in Tuscany. With their arrival, a new stage of the monastery's expansion began. After their arrival, they began the Baroque reconstruction (new monastic houses, Baroque tower on the church, church repairs). Kamalduli, like the Carthusians, lived a hermit's way of life (they devoted themselves to farming, beekeeping, the treatment of the sick and the collection of medicinal plants). From 1754, a pharmacy was founded here, which became famous beyond the borders of Spiš, mainly for its administration by the tract Cyprian in the years 1756 to 1775.

The development of the monastery was adversely affected by the order of Emperor Joseph II. of 1782 on the abolition of some orders, including Kamalddulovs. The monks were forced to leave the monastery, which then began to fall into disrepair. It was not until 1820 that Francis I of Habsburg donated the Lechnice monastery and its property to the Greek Catholic diocese in Prešov. Nevertheless, the monastery continued to decline due to lack of funds for its restoration. The work of destruction ended with a devastating fire in 1907. It was only thanks to enthusiasts from the Club of Slovak Tourists and Skiers in Prešov that some parts of the area were repaired after 1918. Nevertheless, the monastery was on its way to the ruins by 1945.

The comprehensive reconstruction of Červený Kláštor began in 1956. Although its repair work took a long time, after repairs in June 1966, it finally received cultural use by locating the museum exposition of the East Slovak Museum in Košice, restaurants and hostels. In the years 1999 - 2007, the Ľubovňa Museum from Stará Ľubovňa presented its exposition in the monastery. The museum exposition set up by the Monuments Office of the Slovak Republic has been open to visitors since 2008.

In 2007, the 1st stage of demanding restoration work in the Church of St. Anton Pustovník and the church was opened to the public as part of the museum exposition. The museum exposition presents the history and monastic life of the mentioned orders and rare artistic and historical monuments from Červený Kláštor, but also from the whole area of northern Spiš.

History images
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Myths and legends

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Useful information

Opening hours and admission

Nearby castles
Podolínec17.9 km,
Holumnica20.1 km,