Castle of Loulé (Portuguese: Castelo de Loulé) is a castle in the municipality of Loulé, in the Portuguese Algarve. Classified a National Monument, since 20 June 1924, three towers remain within the cordon of walls, the remnants of the alcaldaria located within the structure.

History

The Romans first occupied the site, then the remnants of a local castro around the 2nd century, and transformed it into a defensible military fortification and politico-administrative center.

In 715, the site was occupied by the Moors.

The site was conquered in the 11th century by Ferdinand, King of León, but held for little time. It was definitively occupied in 1249 by D. Paio Peres Correia. Several years later (1268) Afonso III had the area populated after reconstructing and expanding the walls. During this period two of the main towers, including the keep tower, were constructed, but the six gates suggest the existence of other towers (only ruins remain). A foral (charter) was issued in 1266 from Lisbon by Afonso III of Portugal.

Between 9–12 April 1359, King Peter I overnighted at the alcadaria.

In 1422 or 1462, Henrique de Meneses, 1st Count of Loulé re-built the towers and walls of the castle.

A new foral was issued by Manuel of Portugal in 1501.

King Sebastian of Portugal overnighted on 29 January 1573.

The castle was damaged during an earthquake in 1969.

The site was taken-over by the Instituto Português do Património Arquitetónico, on 1 June 1992, under Decree 106F/92 (Diário da Republic, Série IA, 126). In 2001 a protocol was signed between the municipal council and the DGEMN in order to facilitate the protection and conservation of the patrimony in the municipality, that included the castle grounds. This document was supplemented on 18 January 2013 (Diário da República, Série II, 13, Anúncio de Procedimento 232/2013) relative to the remodeling of the Praça D. Afonso III, Rua D. Paio Peres Correia and Largo das Bicas Velhas (Chafariz).

Architecture

The remains of the castle and walls are visible from the roads Rua da D. Paio Peres Correia, Rua das Bicas Velhas, Rua da Barbacã and Largo D. Afonso III, as well as incorporated into the buildings. The majority of the walls are integrated into the buildings of the growing city, outside the perimeter of the original walls.

Castle of Loulé

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THIS FORMER STATELY HOME HAD a fragmented history before it was renovated into a luxury hotel.
Construction on the home began in the 1840s. However, work ceased when the owner died and the structure stood incomplete for many years. That is until local businessman, José Francisco da Silva, financed a project with his fortune to complete the grand design.
The result was a unique example within Portugal of Romantic-style architecture with its fine pink rococo façade and Versailles-style gardens. Inside, the palace has a rococo-style décor, with frescoes, elaborate carvings, wood paneling, ornate stucco ceilings, and gilded furniture. The gardens are arranged on three levels, all connected by grand staircases decorated in vibrant blue azulejo tiles with hidden grottos below. Construction of the palace was completed in 1909. 
The grand palace, with its luxurious neoclassical details along with the work of Silva, was noticed by King Carlos I, who was so impressed that he appointed Silva the title of Viscount of Estoi.
After Silva’s death in 1926, the palace then passed between several family members and new owners. In 1977, the palace and its gardens, fountains, and statues were classified as a Property of Public Interest. By the 1980s, the estate had fallen into a state of disrepair and it was eventually acquired by Faro Municipal Council.
The restoration of the palace and grounds was financed by the Portuguese Tourist Office, and the palace was converted into a Pousada (a state-owned hotel in a building of historical interest). Restoration and renovations were completed in 2009 by award-winning architect Gonçalo Byrne. It was then converted into a luxury hotel. 
Know Before You Go
Less than ten kilometers from the city of Faro. There is regular bus service from Faro to Estoi. 
The gardens are open to visitors, including those not staying as guests at the hotel. Access to the gardens is via the hotel's main entrance. The gardens are floodlight at night.
https://www.atlasobscura.com/

Palace of Estoi

The Castle of Paderne (Portuguese: Castelo de Paderne) is an ancient fortification located in the civil parish of Paderne, municipality of Albufeira, in the Portuguese Algarve. It was constructed in the later 12th century by Berbers, in an area around 7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi) inland. The edifice is located just 8.2 kilometres (5.1 mi) from the resort town of Albufeira, along a bend in the Quarteira River. It is believed to be one of the original castles that occupy the shield of the Portuguese national flag.

History

Around the middle of the 2nd century, the Roman conquered the Lusitanian castro, which had developed between Neolithic and Cacholithic. The settlement was transformed into a military outpost and, eventually, politico-administrative centre named Paderne or Paderna. Its location on a rocky peninsular bend was of strategic importance, as it controlled the ancient Roman road Via Lusitanorum crossing the Quarteira River on the south.

The Roman villa was conquered by the Moors by 713. On this site, the Almohads constructed a fortification. Concerned with advancing Christian armies from the north, the Almohads began an intensive period of military construction and fortification in the Algarve (in Paderne, Faro, Loulé and Silves and many other locations). The depopulation of the Muslim countryside, caused by Christian raids, while avoiding outright conflict, resulted in the construction of these type of fortifications, which were used secure relative safety for their citizens in the interior of the Algarvean Barrocal (mountains).

In 1189 the castle (Silves) was conquered by the armies of King Sancho I with the help of English-Christian mercenaries during a continuous night raid. In 1191 Muslim forces of the Almohad dynasty under the command of Caliph Abu Yusuf Ya’qub al-Mansur recaptured the castle and surrounding lands.

In 1248, D. Paio Peres Correia took the castle for the Crown of Portugal, during the reign of Afonso III. The forces of Peres Correia massacred all its inhabitants within Paderne castle. It was shortly after these events that a chapel was built: it is believed that the structure was built on the ruins of the mosque.

Following a series of restorations, King Denis of Portugal donated the castle to the Master of the Order of Avis, D. Lourenço Anes, as an attempt to make it a viable military and economic centre But these attempts were tentative and, nonetheless, futile.

Owing to its isolation and state of ruin, in 1858, the castle was abandoned and its hermitage (local parish church, dedicated to Nossa Senhora da Assunção) was deactivated.

On 10 March 1998, the fort and dependencies were transferred to Instituto Português do Património Arquitectónico (IPPAR), the Portuguese Institute of Architectural Patrimony. The IPPAR contracted the company Terracarta in order to create a three-dimensional design of the property. Further, the monument and terrains were purchased by the institute for 29.000.000$00 escudos.

A public tender was issued on 29 January 2002, under PROAlgarve, for the Recuperation of the Castle of Paderne, under the auspices of the IPPAR. The candidate entity was responsible for the recuperation of the walls, in taipa, the archaeological study and museological assessment of the site, including the old dependencies within the courtyard, the drainage of the monument, and lastly, the consolidation of the ruins of the Hermitage of Nossa Senhora da Assunção. Archaeological excavations completed at the time unearthed remnants of dwellings and roadways within the castle compound, as well as the remains of a sophisticated sewage system and vestiges of a water supply network (that included cisterns and water channels).

Architecture

The rural, isolated castle is located on a high hilltop over a profound valley, covered in Mediterranean vegetation, olive groves, fig and carob trees. Its lies in a zone classified under the Natura 2000 designation, with a pedestrian trail under the Instituto de Conservação da Natureza (Institute for the Conservation of Nature).

The castle is a regular trapezoidal plan, almost a hectare in size, surrounded by walls, with a road that links to a tower across a Roman arch bridge. Within the interior are vestiges of a longitudinal chapel, with only the walls remaining.

The eastern side, which has the least natural defence has a substantial tower and is built of Taipa (mixture of mud, chalk, lime and aggregate that sets like concrete). This tower, the only one standing within the enclosure, protrudes from the wall and is connected to the main fortification by an upper passageway. From the outside of this tower is still possible to make out the whitewash strips which were applied to the taipa joints in order to give the impression that the tower was built from masonry. Nevertheless, these mud walls are 1.8 metres (5.9 ft) thick and are constructed on a substantial stone plinth which can be seen at the base of the perimeter walls. There are also at intervals, vertical openings to allow for drainage of any accumulative water inside the castle walls.

Below the tower are the remains of ramparts, which ran across the eastern perimeter: most of it has collapsed. This battlement, which is lower than the main walls also defended the main access to the castle. The accessway is at a right angle to the main wall, creating an "L"-shaped entrance designed to make any frontal attack difficult. Not all the stonework in the entrance is original; much of the access was reinforced and restored over time.

Within the castle precinct are the remnants of a cistern.

Along the south wall are the ruins of the former Chapel of Nossa Senhora do Castelo, which was the parochial church for the nearby village, dating from the 14th century, but abandoned in 1506 (when the new church was constructed in the village).

Castle of Paderne

The Belmarço Palace is a historic building in the city of Faro , in the region of Algarve in Portugal . It was built at the beginning of the 20th century by the architect Manuel Joaquim Norte Júnior , in the revivalist style . It is considered as a symbol of Faro, and has been classified as a Monument of public interest .
Description
The palace is located in the historic center of Faro, in the old parish of Sé , next to one of the gates of the medieval center of the city. It is bordered by Largo D. Marcelino Franco, Rua José Maria Bandeira, and Rua de São Francisco.
It is an important testimony of bourgeois residential architecture, with an eclectic and revivalist tendency , in the period between the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, being considered the main example of revivalist architecture in Faro. Due to its architecture, it was classified as one of the notable buildings in the city, and an Ex libris of Faro.
The mansion is divided into two floors, with a turret forming a third partial floor. This turret, located in the west corner of the building, is one of the most visible elements of the complex, standing out from the surrounding area. The first two registers of the main façade are divided into three panels, each with a formula different from the spans. Thus, the left panel features on both floors a window with a tripartite frame and an iron guard, with the pilasters in the upper register decorated with finials. The central body is torn by a Beaux-Arts style door on the lower floor, whose frame includes a lowered arch with a semi-sphere and finials, while the pediment, also curved, is topped by staves. This set is part of an alfizdecorated with acanthus leaves on the shaft, and a segmented pediment, with finials on the sides. Above the main door is a circular framed window, with an iron guard, which is topped by a double curved pediment and adorned with staves. The right panel has a twin window on the ground floor with a pillar in the middle, decorated with a raised wreath. Between this window and the main door and the ground floor window on the right side stands out a sculpture representing a female face, decorated with a bow and garlands of flowers. The first floor is opened by a round arched window, divided into three parts by Corinthian pilasters, and which has a balcony with iron guards, supported by carved staves with finials. This cloth is finished off, on the third floor, by a rectangular turret, whose two facades to the street are torn by double windows with frames of Corinthian columns, and which in the center have a medallion with an urn, decorated with flowers and wreaths. The turret ends in gabled roofs, in a pyramid-shaped shape, which is opened by mansard windows , with a round arch frame. Behind the turret, the building’s roof is torn by a square skylight, made of iron and glass.
The east facade of the building has two registers, punctuated symmetrically by windows with an iron guard, which on the first floor have a lowered arch frame, while on the second floor they have a perfect round arch. On this side there is also a curved pedimented door, hollow with an iron railing, and the access gate to the patio, topped by an iron balcony. The West West side of the building is symmetrical to the opposite side, having the same layout as the windows, door and gate topped by the iron balcony, the only difference being the corner of the turret on the second floor, whose two facades are identical.
The interior has also been carefully decorated, combining the revivalist style with various elements of Art Nouveau., noteworthy are the two tile panels, dating from 1916, signed by the artist Pinto, with drawings of national monuments. Another significant element in the interior is the staircase to the upper floor, with an iron structure in the Art Nouveau style. The ground floor consists of a vestibule, with entrance to the main façade, which gives access to the staircase to the first floor, and two identical accommodation units on the ground floor, each consisting of three bedrooms, a living room, a kitchen and a backyard. . The upper floor features a single fire, consisting of three bedrooms, three living rooms, a dining room, a kitchen and two terraces. The building plan is rectangular in shape, with a total building area of ​​approximately 790 m².
History Planning and construction
The building was planned in 1912 by Manuel Joaquim Norte Júnior , one of the best known architects at the time, and who in Faro was also responsible for Café Aliança, built in 1908. It was commissioned by the rich merchant Manuel Belmarço, who accumulated his fortune with the coffee and cereal businesses. The works started in 1912 and were completed in 1917. Its construction was part of a phase of urban renewal in Faro, during which it sought to modernize the appearance of its buildings, in order to keep up with the new trends in Lisbon . In fact, Manuel Belmarço owned a house in the capital, on Avenida da Liberdade, probably as part of the bourgeois and cosmopolitan environment of Lisbon that Manuel Júnior, who had already gained notoriety as the designer of large urban palaces, would have known. In fact, Palacete Belmarço has some similarities with other Manuel Júnior houses, namely the José Maria Marques building or the building on Avenida Defensores de Chaves, no. 26.
The stonework of the palace was made by the workshop of the master Tomaz Ramos, who also worked in other buildings in Faro, such as the Fialho palace, the Aliança café, the plinth of João de Deus bust, the Guerreirinho palace, and the José Bento Ferreira obelisk de Almeida . The place where the mansion was built was previously occupied by a modest residential building, part of a block located next to a canal between São Francisco and Alagoa.
1990s and 2000s
The palace was acquired by the Municipality of Faro in 1995 or 1996, for an approximate value of 187,500 Euros, so that the future Court of Appeal of Faro could be installed there, a body that was instituted in 1999. Meanwhile, the building was occupied by the Court of Work until 1997. In order to facilitate the installation of the Court of Appeal, around 2000 the municipality gave the building, free of charge, to the Ministry of Justice, and in that year the restoration works were carried out outside the building, and modification and enhancement in the interior, in order to adapt it to function as a Court of Appeal. On May 2 and September 4, 2001, the Ministry of Justice launched the public tender for the rehabilitation of the building. However, the installation process has never progressed,low expected procedural volume », and due to the plans of the government of José Sócrates to create a judicial city in the Algarve elsewhere in the region, which also did not advance. In this way, the building was left unused for several years. Also as part of this process, the Faro City Council had started rehabilitation works on the building, which cost about 250 thousand Euros, but which were not completed, due to problems in excavating the basement to install the elevator, since the foundations were at the same level as the water in the Ria Formosa. As part of its adaptation to functions related to administration, the interior of the building has been profoundly modified, although some more emblematic elements have remained, such as the tile panels. However, on July 14, 2000, the first proposal for the classification of the building was made, on the initiative of the municipality of Faro.
After the failed attempt to install the court of appeal, the Directorate-General for Heritage sold the building to Estamo, a public company responsible for the state’s real estate, for 700,000 Euros in September 2006. However, this process was disputed by the municipality of Faro, which initiated a lawsuit, alleging that the purpose for which the building had been purchased, for the installation of the Court, had not been fulfilled, and that the notification deadlines for the municipality to exercise your preemptive rights. The result of this judicial process was favorable to the local authority, having then started to think about reusing the palace for public purposes, having considered the installation of the Regional Directorate for Culture of the Algarve, who at the time was paying rent for the use of two apartments in downtown Faro. However, these plans have not progressed due to the high cost of refurbishing the building, which was estimated at more than one million Euros.
Decade of 2010
On April 3, 2013, the Palace was classified as a Monument of Public Interest.
In April 2014, Estamo had the property for sale, for the amount of 459 thousand Euros, with the deadline for the submission of proposals ending in May of that year. However, at the beginning of September, it was sold to the Suburbs company for 481 thousand Euros, a value much lower than what the state had originally given for the building. This company, based in Faro but whose capital was mostly owned by the British firm Barod, had expressed an interest in buying the building since 2013. Also in 2014, it was acquired by businessman João Rodrigues, president of Sporting Clube Farense, for an approximate amount of 455 thousand Euros, in a public auction process promoted by the municipality. Afterwards, the rehabilitation works of the building started, which showed evident signs of degradation, mainly inside, with an attempt to restore the palace to its original appearance, both inside and outside. For example, the existing wood was recovered. instead of replacing them, a process that increased expenses, and the tile panels inside were restored. It was anticipated that after the end of the works, the mansion would be used as the headquarters of several companies of João Rodrigues, and of some of its partners, and could also host the back-officefrom the hotel that was planned in the old Primary School. The building could also be used for cultural purposes, and it was anticipated that the reception area could be used for classical music events or art exhibitions. This process was praised by the Mayor of Faro, Rogério Bacalhau, who would renovate and return to the city an « emblematic building ». The refurbishment of Palacete Belmarço was part of a phase of rehabilitation of several emblematic buildings in Faro, which also included transformation into hotels of the old Primary School, also by businessman João Rodrigues, and the old Atrium Shopping Center. On 26 January 2018, the Palace was visited by members of the Municipality of Faro, as part of the Faro Positivo visit cycle, whose purpose was to publicize the various works under consolidation in the municipality. At that time, the works, which lasted for about a year, were already in the finishing phase, and it was planned to open during the spring.
The building was used at least once as the stage for a concert, within the scope of the Dias de Jazz program.
https://wiki.acervolima.com/

Belmarço Palace

As Portas do Mar localizam-se no Pátio da Alfândega, sobranceiro ao Cais da Alfândega, na freguesia da Sé, em pleno centro histórico da cidade e concelho de Angra do Heroísmo, na costa sul da ilha Terceira, nos Açores. Nessa condição integra aquele conjunto classificado como Património Mundial, pela UNESCO.

História

Embora remontem ao século XV, sofreram extensas alterações eventualmente por volta de 1470 ou 1500, por iniciativa do segundo capitão do donatário da ilha, Álvaro Martins Homem. À época, embora fosse fortificada por razões de segurança, a porta do cais da cidade de Angra tinha, sobretudo, funções de garantia de cobrança dos direitos da alfândega.

No contexto da Dinastia Filipina, o cais e a principal porta de acesso à cidade encontram-se representados na gravura "A Cidade de Angra na Ilha Iesu Xpo da Terceira que esta em 30 Graos", de Jan Huygen van Linschoten, datada de 1595. No mesmo período, por volta de 1610, tiveram lugar extensas obras de reforma que enobreceram a porta, traduzindo o período de prosperidade então vivido pela cidade.

Quando do sismo de Lisboa de 1755 (1 de novembro), o maremoto resultante fez com que as águas da baía ultrapassassem as Portas do Mar, alcançando a Praça Velha. Em seu refluxo, arrastaram consigo a estrutura das Portas.

Com a criação da Capitania Geral dos Açores (1766), e a chegada a Angra do seu primeiro Capitão-general, D. Antão de Almada, foi determinado ao Sargento-mor João António Júdice que tirasse o plano de reedificação do cais, aproveitando-se o que fosse possível.

Data dessa época a atual configuração do Pátio da Alfândega, entre os estilos barroco e neoclássico, ao nível da Rua Direita, ligado ao cais por duas largas escadarias em ferradura, rematadas ao alto por duas portas com arcos de pedra. As bicas de abastecimento das embarcações foram transferidas para um chafariz de pilastras duplas laterais, ao centro das escadarias. Os vestígios da primitiva porta, as casas da guarda e demais estruturas foram aterradas para dar lugar a este conjunto.

Em finais do século XIX o conjunto apresentava nova configuração: as arcadas haviam desaparecido, e o cais conservava dois níveis.

Em 1998, durante obras de remodelação do cais, foram procedidos trabalhos de prospecção arqueológica que identificaram os vestígios de uma rua, de um cais, de uma fortificação abaluartada e de uma densa rede de águas e esgotos. Os vestígios distribuíam-se em três diferentes níveis de ocupação, interligados por escadarias e pátios.



Portas do Mar (Angra do Heroísmo)

The current urban layout of Faro provides an understanding of where the walls that protected the city used to be. They form a core known as Vila-Adentro (Inner Town), which contains the city´s historical quarter.

The initial idea of protecting the settlement is owed to Ben Bekr, a 9th century Muslim prince from the small, local kingdom. It was then the Porta Árabe (Arab Gateway) was built and which can still be found in the Arco da Vila (Town Archway). After the 12th century Almohade invasion, two watchtowers were built to strengthen the defences. These currently form part of the Arco do Repouso (Archway of Rest).

In the 17th century, following the Restoration of Independence and Portuguese government in 1640, the tower battlements were flattened to keep up with the latest ballistic developments and a second line of walls was built facing the sea.

After the city´s destruction in the 1755 earthquake and their loss of importance for military defence, the walls were progressively integrated into new buildings and there are currently only some defensive features remaining.

https://www.visitportugal.com

Muralhas de Faro

Faro's defensive walls were built by the Moors in the 9th century, likely over previous Roman defensive constructions.
Nowadays what remains of the Castle is only part of the Faro defensive structure at the time.

In 1596 Faro suffers an attack from the English forces, when Portugal was under Spanish domination, and is looted and set on fire. The reconstruction works carried for several years, and already on the 17th century, other reconstruction and conservation works took place for the adaptation of the Castle and city Walls to the use of artillery.

On the 19th century the Castle was leased to a company that converted it in a alcohol factory.
The alterations for the construction of the factory, and also the opening of a street through the Castle adulterated quite a lot the overall aspect of the Monument.

https://www.guiadacidade.pt