Eger castle ruins

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A köztudatban sajnálatosan téves módon Szarkavár néven ismertté vált solymári vár egy középkori vár, mely Solymár mellett, a Pilis és a Budai-hegység magaslatai között egy kisebb, de meredek oldalú dombon emelkedik. A korábban nem igazán látványos romterület a 2005-2006 folyamán végzett nagyszabású fejlesztés (a várfalak eltérő magasságba történő felmagasítása, az eredeti öregtorony és kapuzat feltételezett alakját idéző kilátótorony és kapu, valamint színpad építése, stb.) révén nyerte el jelenlegi állapotát. 2013. júniusáig szabadon látogatható volt, 2013. július 1. óta hivatalos nyitvatartási rend szerint látogatható, belépődíj fejében.

Nagy Lajos uralkodása idején a legfontosabb királyi tisztségviselők közé számítottak a Lackfi főnemesi család tagjai. A korabeli oklevelek szerint 1355-ben vásárolták meg ezt a területet, ahol rövidesen felépítették a kis alapterületű kővárat, ami a továbbiakban budai tartózkodásuk idején szállásául szolgált a dúsgazdag famíliának.

A törökkel vívott vesztes nikápolyi csatában a Lackfiak szembeszálltak Luxemburgi Zsigmond királlyal, ezért 1397-ben két vezető egyéniségüket az uralkodó hívei orvul meggyilkolták, váruradalmaikat elkobozták. Zsigmond később feleségének, Cillei Borbála úrnőnek adományozta, kárpótlásul annak házasságtörése miatt régebben lefoglalt délvidéki birtokaiért.

A középkor további évszázadaiban magáénak mondhatta még a Korbáviai és a Rozgonyi família is. 1440-ben ostrommal foglalták el az ellenpártiaktól a lengyel származású I. Ulászló magyar király táborához tartozó fegyveresek. Négy esztendő múltán a Czudar család zálogba adta a Rozgonyi famíliának. Egy 1449-es feljegyzés szerint rövid ideig Hunyadi János kormányzó uralta, majd királyi kegyként Garai László nádorispán szerezte meg. Férfiágon való kihalásuk után Mátyás király a törvénytelen kapcsolatából született Corvin János liptói hercegnek adományozta, tőle 1490 után Ráskai Balázs főnemes ragadta el. Már az 1526-os mohácsi csata után jelentősebb pusztítások érték a környéken fosztogató török lovas csapatoktól, de végleges romba dőlése csak az 1541-es budai megszállás után következett be.

Egyes – jellemzően amatőr – kutatók vélekedése szerint a solymári Mátyás-dombon található romterület nem a számos okleveles forrásban dokumentált solymári vár, hanem a pálos szerzetesrend egyik központi kolostorának maradványait őrzi.[2][3][4][5] E teória ugyanakkor nem vonja kétségbe a solymári vár létezésére utaló, azt igazoló okleveles forrásokat, csak a solymári vár helyét vitatja. A kolostor-elmélet, vagy várkolostor-elmélet szerint – amelynek legkitartóbb kutatója és hirdetője Tamáska Péter amatőr történész kutató – a solymári vár valójában a Tinnye–Perbál–Nagykovácsi hármashatár közelében volt, ahol e teória értelmében egy lankás domboldal bizonyos terepi anomáliái tanúsíthatják ma is a kérdéses vár feltételezett ottani létezését. A teória ezen részét ténylegesen alátámasztani látszik néhány olyan XV. század eleji okleveles forrás, amelyek a solymári várat perbáli határjárások során említik tájékozódási pontként.

A várkolostor-elmélet hívei szerint a solymári romterület – amely egyébként jelenlegi paraméterei alapján aligha vélhető kolostorromnak, különösen pedig egy főkolostor romjának – megtévesztő képet mutat, mert ezen álláspont szerint a XX.-XXI. századi feltárások idején rögzített járószint több méternyivel magasabbra helyezkedik el az eredeti középkori járószinthez képest, a két szint különbségét pedig az eredetileg itt állt, majd a török hódoltság idején porig rombolt kolostorépületek törmelékeiből kialakult réteg alkotja.[6] A Tamáska Péter nevével fémjelzett várkolostor-elméletet a hivatalos régészettudomány képviselői – köztük is elsősorban Feld István régész, aki már 1977-ben írott szakdolgozata óta kutatja a solymári vár történetét – döntően alaptalannak ítélik.

Szarka castle

Museum Kishtselli (Hung Kiscelli Múzeum) - History Museum in Budapest, located in the picturesque green surroundings Óbuda in the eponymous castle in Baroque style, which was built in the XVIII century for the Trinitarian monastery. Some time in walls Kishtselli housed barracks, and then the hospital. Now the branch of Budapest History Museum. Exposition of Kishtselli devoted Modern and Contemporary History of Budapest and on the basis of documentary materials highlights the role of Budapest in the country's history. The most famous museum exhibit - machine, which printed "Folksong" Sandor Petofi, in which he called on the Hungarian people to the revolutionary struggle. In the palace also houses Kishtselli Capital Art Gallery.

Museum Kishtselli

The Halászbástya Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈhɒlaːsbaːʃcɒ] or Fisherman's Bastion is a terrace in neo-Gothic and neo-Romanesque style situated on the Buda bank of the Danube, on the Castle hill in Budapest, around Matthias Church. It was designed and built between 1895 and 1902 on the plans of Frigyes Schulek. Between 1947–48, the son of Frigyes Schulek, János Schulek, conducted the other restoration project after its near destruction during World War II.

From the towers and the terrace a panoramic view exists of Danube, Margaret Island, Pest to the east and the Gellért Hill.

Its seven towers represent the seven Magyar tribes that settled in the Carpathian Basin in 896.

The Bastion takes its name from the guild of fishermen that was responsible for defending this stretch of the city walls in the Middle Ages. It is a viewing terrace, with many stairs and walking paths.

A bronze statue of Stephen I of Hungary mounted on a horse, erected in 1906, can be seen between the Bastion and the Matthias Church. The pedestal was made by Alajos Stróbl, based on the plans of Frigyes Schulek, in Neo-Romanesque style, with episodes illustrating the King's life.

Fisherman's Bastion

Hősök tere (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈhøːʃøk ˈtɛrɛ]; English: Heroes' Square) is one the major squares in Budapest, Hungary, noted for its iconic statue complex featuring the Seven Chieftains of the Magyars and other important national leaders, as well as the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. The square lies at the outbound end of Andrássy Avenue next to City Park (Városliget). It hosts the Museum of Fine Arts and the Műcsarnok. The square has played an important part in contemporary Hungarian history and has been a host to many political events, such as the reburial of Imre Nagy in 1989.

Hősök tere is surrounded by two important buildings, Museum of Fine Arts on the left and Palace of Art (or more accurately Hall of Art) on the right. On the other side it faces Andrássy Avenue which has two buildings looking at the square — one is residential and the other one is the embassy of Serbia (former Yugoslavian embassy where Imre Nagy secured sanctuary in 1956).

The central feature of Heroes' Square, as well as a landmark of Budapest, is the Millennium Memorial (Hungarian: Millenáriumi Emlékmű, also translated Millennium Monument or Millennial Monument). Construction began in 1896 to commemorate the thousandth anniversary of the foundation of the Hungarian state by St. Stephen I in 896, and was part of a much larger construction project which also included the expansion and refurbishing of Andrássy Avenue and the construction of the first metro line in Budapest (Hungarian: Földalatti). Construction was completed in 1900, which was when the square received its name.

When the monument was originally constructed, Hungary was a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and thus the last five spaces for statues on the left of the colonnade were reserved for members of the ruling Habsburg dynasty. From left to right these were Ferdinand I (relief: Defense of the Castle at Eger); Leopold I (relief: Eugene of Savoy defeats the Turks at Zenta), Charles III, Maria Theresa (relief: The Hungarian Diet votes support "vitam et sanguinem") and Franz Joseph (relief: Franz Joseph crowned by Gyula Andrássy). The monument was damaged in World War II and when it was rebuilt the Habsburgs were replaced by the current figures.

On the 16th June 1989 a crowd of 250,000 gathered at the square for the historic reburial of Imre Nagy, who had been executed in June 1958.

There are also three other squares in Budapest entitled Hősök tere, in Soroksár, Békásmegyer and Rákosliget.

Behind the cenotaph but within the decorative chain is a flat bronze plate which marks the site of an artesian well whose drilling was completed in 1878 by Vilmos Zsigmondy. This well provides water for the Széchenyi Baths behind the monument and the Dagály Baths in the Népfürdő utca. The well reached a depth of 971 meters and produces 831 liters of hot water per minute at 74 degrees Celsius

The Heroes' Square monument has a 90% duplicate in Shanghai Global Paradise, Shanghai. Since its opening in 1996, it has been mostly degraded and most statues removed.

At the front of the monument is a large stone cenotaph surrounded by an ornamental iron chain. The cenotaph is dedicated "To the memory of the heroes who gave their lives for the freedom of our people and our national independence." While some guide books refer to this as a "tomb" it is not a burial place.

The back of the monument consists of two matched colonnades, each with seven statues representing great figures of Hungarian history.

This is a list of the statesmen who are portrayed by the sculptures in the semi-circular arcades of the monument. The topic of the relief below each figure is given below the name.

Directly behind the cenotaph is a column topped by a statue of the archangel Gabriel. In his right hand the angel holds the Holy Crown of St. Stephen (Istvan), the first king of Hungary. In his left hand the angel holds a two barred apostolic cross, a symbol awarded to St. Stephen by the Pope in recognition of his efforts to convert Hungary to Christianity. In Hungarian it is referred to as the double cross or the apostolic double cross.

At the base of the column is a group of seven mounted figures representing the Magyar chieftains who led the Hungarian people into the Carpathian basin. In the front is Árpád, considered the founder of the Hungarian nation. Behind him are the chieftains Előd, Ond, Kond, Tas, Huba, and Töhötöm (Tétény). Little survives in the historical record about these individuals and both their costumes and their horses are considered to be more fanciful than historically accurate.

Heroes' Square

Vajdahunyad Castle (Hungarian: Vajdahunyad vára) is a castle in the City Park of Budapest, Hungary. It was built between 1896 and 1908 as part of the Millennial Exhibition which celebrated the 1000 years of Hungary since the Hungarian Conquest of the Carpathian Basin in 895. The castle was designed by Ignác Alpár to feature copies of several landmark buildings from different parts the Kingdom of Hungary, especially the Hunyad Castle in Transylvania (now in Romania). As the castle contains parts of buildings from various time periods, it displays different architectural styles: Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque. Originally it was made from cardboard and wood, but it became so popular that it was rebuilt from stone and brick between 1904 and 1908. Today it houses the Museum of Hungarian Agriculture, the biggest[citation needed] agricultural museum in Europe.

The statue of Anonymus by Hungarian sculptor Miklós Ligeti is also displayed in the castle court. Anonymus lived in the 12th century (his true identity is unknown, but he was a notary of Béla III of Hungary), who wrote the chronicle Gesta Hungarorum (Deeds of the Hungarians).

The castle contains a statue of Béla Lugosi, as well.

Castle of Vajdahunyad

Buda Castle - a historic castle fortress and residence of the Hungarian kings in Budapest, Hungary. Until recently it was called the Royal Palace and it was called the Royal Castle.

This complex of buildings - palaces on the banks of the Danube is one of the most beautiful architectural complexes in Budapest, it has no equal in Europe.
Buda and its complement PalaceIn, constitute a single architectural ensemble of the Royal Palace of Buda. A majestic ruins of Visegrad emphasize military - strategic importance for the ancient town located on the banks of the Danube. Royal Palace consists of several buildings, built in the Gothic style and intricate Baroque constituting impressive in its size ensemble. Starting construction of the ensemble put King Matthias. It was time for Hungary, strengthening and increasing its power in the international arena.
In 2002, Buda Castle and the ancient Aquincum, Andrássy Avenue are a protected UNESCO World Heritage Site.
His elegant and solemnly Royal Palace more than once served as a backdrop in Hollywood directors. Famous film "Red Heat" with the participation of a great artist Schwarzenegger, Governor of California and Vice filmed against the backdrop of the palace, where the royal palace as paving stones like the one that covers the Red Square in Moscow

Over 1500 castles, palaces, fortresses, local utilitarian buildings constructed in 13th century Hungary. They were built as the effects of the Tatar invasion 13veke. King Bela IV built castles and fortresses on the defensive throughout the country. Most of the arrayed while locks saved or restored today. Many of these cultural facilities in this list includes the Royal Palace in Budapest, whose construction dates back to the reign of King Bela 4. Assumed that this royal residence built on the site of a contemporary palace famous Hungarian king Bela IV between 1247 and 1265 years.
Royal Residence in Budapest, built in the 14th century, 7 centuries seen many kings and survived many royal dynasties. During that time it has undergone dramatic changes and by the 19th century bore little resemblance to that fortress, which was built Bela 4, becoming a beautiful and airy palace in Baroque style.
The palace, built on the ground for the Hungarian kings at the beginning of the XIII century, his first reconstruction has undergone a couple of centuries. It was reconstructed in the XV century under King Matthias requests.
Built the oldest part of the palace Historians refer to the XIV century. But the most ancient part of the castle was built in the XIV century Duke Stefan Slovenia, the younger brother of the Hungarian King Louis the Great. When King Sigismund locking significantly and seriously expanded its borders and, according to some, superior to all similar constructions of the late Middle Ages.
Already at that time the construction of numerous and complex of elegant buildings, which worked on projects together with the Hungarians, German, Italian masters. And as a supplement to the palace ensemble Frisch, Hungarian King Zsigmond, at the end of the XIV century building is constructed of the royal library, there found their storage known manuscripts (Corvina) King Matthias. Original and sumptuously decorated, with astounding beauty of architectural decoration palace staterooms with their coffered ceilings, the famous carving on red marble, were nicely furnished and decorated with large size tapestries. Beauty of the royal library at the original layout of rooms, is unmatched at this present time. The building of the ensemble of the Royal Palace on the banks of the Danube stretch 300m
After the defeat in the battle Mohachskoy 1526 Kingdom of Hungary collapsed, and Turkish troops occupied the castle. Turks castle buildings used for housing soldiers and stables, some of the rooms were empty. Many medieval buildings of the ensemble were destroyed and damaged as a result of the siege army of the Holy League during the liberation of the city of Buda in the Great Turkish War.
In 1715, King Charles VI cleared territory ensemble from the ruins and began to build a new complex. In 1749, the Royal Palace was built.
May 4, 1849 the Hungarian revolutionary army Arthur Gergeya Buda Castle was captured and burned the Royal Palace. Brokedown Palace began to recover only half a century later. Only after the events of the Hungarian Revolution of 1850-1856 years, the palace was restored.
This led the Empress Maria Theresa.
In 1867 it was crowned Emperor Franz Joseph I, as the Hungarian king.
Another restoration took place in the palace in the years 1896-1903, it was restored and rebuilt by the architect A. Hausman.
Last time the complete destruction of the palace underwent in 1945. Then as a result of the seven-week siege Russian Budapest in February 1945 from the castle remained in ruins.
When restoring the ruined palace in 1945 restored defensive walls, royal chambers. This was made possible thanks to the plans and the text of the reign of King Sigismund of Hungary and Matthias. Now near the Royal Palace visitors can explore fortification remaining from the Middle Ages and Turkish rule.
Lasted for decades after the war, reconstruction of the palace. By 1967, the restoration was completely finished. Now it houses a museum. It is a museum of history of Budapest and Hungarian National Gallery.
Today the Royal Palace Cultural Center and Museum Complex.
Its present appearance complex of palaces obliged conducted in the 50s historical research and archaeological excavations, as well as the idea of ​​the organization in the Royal Palace complex cultural centers.

Buda Castle

Vysehrad - a small town in Hungary. The history of this fortress city is full of events, full of drama. 
Vysehrad is located on the right bank of the Danube north of Budapest. The main attraction of Visegrad - Visegrad famous castle, the former estate of the King of Hungary, Matthias Corvinus. At the city-fortress are several castles and the citadel. 
Visegrad city located on the border of the western territories and lands of the Slavic peoples. That is why, people's lives Visegrad, was never quiet: the constant invasion of enemies, siege heroically seasoned inhabitants, famous prisoners Salamon tower, and of course - the kidnapping of the Hungarian crown, got a huge response - this is far from a complete list of stories Visegrad fortress. 
Like many other castles of Hungary, Visegrad fortress erected after the Tatar invasion. But, the first foundation of the city, the castle was built, even in ancient times, the Romans, who lived on these lands, built fortifications to defend against enemies. 
This unique castle in Hungary, embodied in its architecture the best traditions of the southern German design. Nowadays, Visegrad Castle is a five-story museum, which is open to visitors. The most popular for tourists, the place is a citadel, fortress element Visegrad. In addition to the citadel in the fortress buildings include upper lock, lower castle, the royal palace. The building is located on the top of the citadel of the Castle Hill. All construction was carried out in the wrong geometry. Once visitors enter the territory of Visegrad fortress, the first thing they pay attention - a magnificent appearance and layout of buildings garden areas. 
Virtually all parts of the Visegrad fortress made ​​in the Gothic style: everywhere beautiful carved doors and frames, stained glass windows adorn the apple. Among the exterior design is dominated by the castle ornaments in the form of simple geometric shapes. Of particular interest is the roof of the fortress: tower design, like a needle stick into the sky. 
As for the interior of the Visegrad fortress, then, and here everything is presented in the Gothic style furniture era Gothic ponderous and simple in its execution. Basic furniture - bulky cabinets and chairs, tables regular shape (rectangular or round), massive beds. Carpet set, are practically everywhere, hiding tiled floor. 

  Visegrad fortress: periods of formation 

Despite the fact that the territory on which the fortress city, occupied Hungarians preserved original, Slavic, the name of this place: "high city". The first written mention of the Visegrad fortress dates to the beginning of XI century. 

During the reign of Karoly Robert of Anjou: building a royal residence 
Karoly Robert of Anjou took the throne after the king died Andras II, the last representative of the Árpád dynasty. During the reign of Karoly Robert, it was decided that, the capital of Hungary (instead of Buda), will be Vysehrad. It was after this event, in 1320, began significant for the city-fortress, change. The city became actively developed: the construction of a royal residence - the majestic palace, which, in consequence, hosted such distinguished guests as the King of Poland, Casimir III, Duke of Bavaria, Wittelsbach Henry and many others. However, with the death of Robert Karoly, and stopped development of the Visegrad fortress: King Lajos the Great (son of Robert Karoly), again, I would go back in, and left Visegrad fortress. 

During the reign of Matthias Corvinus: Renaissance castle 
King Matthias (Matthew) Corwin - ruler who breathed "new life" in Visegrad fortress. It was under his leadership was changed style walled city: in the architecture of the fortress, and in the interior, evident skill masters Renaissance style. Increasingly, guests of the king of the Visegrad fortress, became great artists: painters, poets, philosophers - the best minds of the Renaissance. 

Period of turmoil: the Turkish invasion 
Despite the fact that, initially, the fortress was of primarily defensive in nature, all fortification system collapsed under the onslaught of the Turkish invaders. Turkish invasion that occurred in the XVI century, brought to the walled city of devastation and poverty. Repeatedly attacked the forces of the Ottoman Empire, the citizens leaving their homes and flee. King's palace was completely destroyed, was almost destroyed and the fortress. 

Renaissance 
Many years Visegrad castle was in ruins. Its revival, which continues to this day, started in the XIX century. Connoisseurs of art called Visegrad castle paradise on earth: 350 luxury rooms, with practically completely restored interior, allow visitors to enjoy the beauty and feel all the solemnity of the atmosphere that prevailed in the abode of kings. Stories about the magnificence of the palace quickly spread beyond Hungary. Visitors arriving in Visegrad fortress take back with them not only souvenirs, but a lot of positive emotions and from what he saw. Wineries Visegrad fortress - one of the places most frequented by tourists. In the courtyard there is a chapel and a system of fountains. According to one local legend, during feasts, instead of water, fountains filled with wine. 
Tourists visiting Vysehrad, and today can experience the atmosphere of the past. Every year in early July, the Visegrad fortress hosts the International joust. Participants theatrical action returns during the Middle Ages. Warlike knights, dressed in powerful armor, skillfully managed with their racers, while masterfully wielding weapons, compete for the heart of his beloved lady. Exhibitions artisans - good chance to buy a unique handiwork of craftsmen. In addition, the program includes a variety of pageant competitions, participate in that can be anyone: Competition troubadours Competition Dodgers match at halberd and much more. And, already, after an exciting program, raging hunger will help meet the chef restaurants located within the county. All dishes are prepared according to medieval recipes.