Golub He first appears in documents in 1258, when he shall be forwarded by the commander Dzierzgoń bishop Włocławek Wolimirowi
Golub He first appears in documents in 1258, when he shall be forwarded by the commander Dzierzgoń bishop Włocławek Wolimirowi. In 1293 years the law has made the exchange, and these areas returned to its limits. At once the Knights decided to erect defenses assumption here, is very important due to the location at the crossing of the Drwęca. Wood-earth fortifications built for 1295 years.
Shortly afterwards, the political situation meant that insufficient strengthening decided to replace Conventual castle, which was built in the years 1300-1330. His ascent began Prussian national champion Konrad von Sack. Initially, only the perimeter walls built with buttresses at the corners and along the wall north and south. It is possible that already in the north-west corner stood a tower with a dungeon hunger. Main severity of construction work took place in the years 1305-1311, then dostawiono the wing walls. The concept of the original tower in the north-western corner but was abandoned in the construction wing of the castle. The castle was surrounded by a second circuit of the walls, in later years, strengthening it in the corners of the western side of the most threatened assault, two round towers.
The castle proper layout of the rooms had a typical Teutonic assumptions. The cellars were intended for storage. At the lowest level, apart from the guard room at the entrance gate, there were areas of economic functions. Residential and representative character had the upper floor with a chapel in the southern wing commander and dwelling in the west. The highest tier was for granaries and storehouses of weapons combined with a porch defense.
From the courtyard wings arcaded cloisters circulated.
To the west of the castle were extensive rectangular ward surrounded by a separate circuit fortifications. Rectangle outer walls comprise an area measuring 70 to 100 meters, and from the rest of the hills to the west and east of the castle proper separated him wide cuttings across the headland.
The fort on the river crossing was repeatedly besieged since its inception. In the years 1329-1333 Polish-Lithuanian army attacking Chelmno stormed the stronghold golubską.
Like other border castles and castle as in Golub has been reinforced before the forthcoming Great War of Polish in 1409, but already in the military supply was so poor that retrofitting does not affect much on defense stronghold. Shortly castle was in the hands of the Polish subjected without fighting. Was reflected by the army of the Livonian Order of Livonia. Yet in 1410 the Golub emerged victorious troops of the Polish crew castle, which furnished an ambush luring knights from the walls of the castle and town. Although a large part of the crew were wiped out, the rest managed to take refuge back behind the gates of urban and there was no assault. It was not until after the Great War, when the castle came under the Peace of Torun in the boundaries of the monastic state, the Grand Master Heinrich von Plauen bother to strengthen the castle with more weapons.
August 20, 1422, the Polish army Wladyslaw Jagiello and Lithuanian Duke Vytautas besieged Golub during the "war Golub". Fired from the department town surrendered quickly, but to defend the castle. Set on the west by 14 guns unleashed an intense bombardment of the castle walls, which the crew returned fire with guns held, according vetting before the war there were 20, but the fighting mayor Lipieńka posted to the new equipment.
The shelling lasted four days, the walls of fired upon from the area seriously affected ward and 25 August przypuszczono first assault infantry but not completed successfully. The next day the attack was repeated, this time successfully completed, which certainly influenced the death of the commander and several brothers. After the capture of the castle Jagiello ordered to demolish part of the fortifications, including the north tower. After the war the castle was rebuilt, but the damage was so severe that the work continued until the mid-fifteenth century.
During the Thirteen Years' War, the castle was taken over by the army of the Prussian Union, and then the king gave him a lease Grotowi from Ostrow. Soon after his crew manned the Czech. September 19, 1460, after the betrayal of the townspeople and the absence of Oldrzycha Czerwonka trapped in the Czech Republic entered the city military monastic. Coincidentally were also Czechs - the mercenary troops fighting on the side of the Teutonic Knights.
Castle crew under the command of Andrew gunsmith did not give stronghold. This situation remained two years, until the summer of 1462 years already released from prison Oldrzych with a group of soldiers has been admitted by the townspeople for walls and bounced off the city from the hands of the Teutonic Knights.
The second room Thorn gave the castle to the Polish king, who established here staroste. Partially castle was rebuilt in the sixteenth century, but the most important changes were made in the seventeenth century, when it became the property of Anna Vasa, sister of King Sigismund II. In the years 1616-1623 the Gothic walls obtained after a major refurbishment, the nature of late Renaissance residence. The summit was crowned with a parapet walls, corner towers were replaced with round square and facades pierced new, rectangular windows. Seriously changed the raw Gothic interior, and between the surviving tower and the west wing was built in międzymurzu new residential building.
Another Swedish wars, the Great Northern War and the Seven Years' bring the castle destruction, but they were not significant. In 1765 the state of the castle by the vetting was good, and after the first partition of Polish offices placed in the castle Domain Golub, then was allocated to the military hospital. During the nineteenth century was twice damaged by hurricanes - in 1842 and 1867 years. Pozawalały in attics and ceilings, some walls in the north, south and east wing was not suitable for use. Others, however, still room time used - first as a prison, after - school.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, the rebuilding, but soon blocked the implementation of these plans the First World War. In the period between the war strained again attempted to renovate the walls. During the Second World War, the Nazi youth were trained here.
Once again after the war the castle was in the hands of the Polish August was carried out safety work, and then repair completed in 1966. The castle was adapted for cultural purposes. It houses the Regional Museum, a library and a hotel, and tournaments organized in Golub were the first who initiated the fashion for such events.
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